化肥有机肥配施改善花生–甘薯轮作土壤钾平衡和供钾能力的机理  

Mechanism of improving soil potassium balance and supply capacity in peanut-sweet potato rotation system by organic and chemical fertilizer combined application

作　　者：袁洁 叶佳敏 汪吉东[1,3] 李娟[2] 张立成 章明清[2] 徐聪 王磊[1] 张永春[1,3] YUAN Jie;YE Jia-min;WANG Ji-dong;LI Juan;ZHANG Li-cheng;ZHANG Ming-qing;XU Cong;WANG Lei;ZHANG Yong-chun(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/国家农业环境六合观测实验站,江苏南京210014 [2]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [3]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第11期2071-2082,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(21)1009];江苏省重点研发项目(BE2021378);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2022J01463)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过分析土壤钾素表观平衡、钾含量和库容、钾素吸附位点及钾素释放过程,全面探讨长期施用化肥和化肥配施有机肥对赤红壤旱地花生–甘薯轮作体系土壤供钾能力的影响。【方法】位于福建省莆田市的花生–甘薯轮作长期施肥定位试验始于2007年,设置5个处理:不施肥(CK)、化肥对照(NPK)、化肥配施商品有机肥(NPK+CM)、化肥配施猪粪(NPK+PM)、化肥配施秸秆(NPK+RS)。2022年(定位试验第15年)甘薯收获后,调查甘薯生物量和产量,采集植株样品分析植株钾含量;采集0—20 cm土壤样品,分析土壤全钾含量及各形态钾含量,采用连续浸提法分析土壤黏土矿物吸附点位钾含量,采用有机酸和四苯硼钠模拟试验分析钾素释放过程。【结果】花生–甘薯轮作体系长期施肥试验中,4个施肥处理土壤钾素表观平衡均为盈余。NPK+PM和NPK+RS处理的土壤非交换性钾、交换性钾、水溶性钾含量提升效果最佳,非交换性钾含量较CK分别提高260和188 mg/kg,交换性钾含量分别提高72.3和75.0 mg/kg,水溶性钾含量分别提高45.0和71.7 mg/kg。与CK相比,NPK和NPK+CM对黏土矿物层间(i位点)、楔形边缘(e位点)和矿物表面(p位点)这3个位点的钾含量均没有显著影响,而NPK+PM和NPK+RS处理p位点钾含量分别提高了25和36 mg/kg,e位点钾含量分别提高58和66 mg/kg;NPK+PM处理的i位点钾含量提高了132 mg/kg;NPK和NPK+CM处理对p位点、i位点和e位点钾的占比没有显著影响,NPK+PM处理显著提高e位点钾的占比,NPK+RS处理显著提高p位点和e位点钾的占比,显著降低i位点钾的占比。无论是以有机酸还是以四苯硼钠为浸提剂,NPK以及NPK+CM处理钾的释放速率和释放量与CK均无显著差异。以有机酸为浸提剂,NPK+PM处理快速释放期释放量、总钾释放量及释放速率均最高,且显著高于N P K+RS处理。以四苯硼钠为浸提剂,NPK+PM与NPK+RS处理快速释放期释放量、�【Objectives】Based on a long-term fertilizer experiment,we analyzed soil potassium(K)apparent balance,the K absorption site in minerals and the desorption dynamics of K as affected by long-term application of chemical fertilizer combined with different organic fertilizers,to clarify the mechanism of the beneficial effect differences of organic fertilizers in improving soil K fertility.【Methods】The long-term fertilization experiment of peanut-sweet potato rotation system was established in 2007,including five treatments:no fertilization(CK),merely chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer combined with commercial organic fertilizer(NPK+CM),pig manure(NPK+PM),and straw(NPK+RS).At sweet potato harvest in 2022(the 15th year of the experiment),the tuber yield and whole biomass were investigated,plants were sampled to analyze K content.The soil K apparent balance was calculated.At the same time,soil samples were collected for analysis of the soil K content in different forms,and adsorbed at different clay mineral sites by using continuous leaching method.The release characteristics of K was studied using organic acid and Sodium tetraphenyl boron as extractants.【Results】In this peanut-sweet potato rotation system,the annual apparent balance of soil potassium under CK was in deficit,while under the four fertilizer treatments were in surplus.Compared with CK treatment,NPK+PM and NPK+RS increased nonexchangeable K by 260 and 188 mg/kg,exchangeable K by 72.3 and 75.0 mg/kg,and water-soluble K(H2O-K)by 45.0 and 71.7 mg/kg,respectively(P<0.05).The interlayer(i-site),wedge edge(e-site)and surface(p-site)were the three main K adsorption sites.Compared with CK,NPK and NPK+CM treatment did not significantly changed the K adsorption amount and the ratio;NPK+PM and NPK+RS increased the p-site K content by 25 and 36 mg/kg,e-site K content by 58 and 66 mg/kg;NPK+PM treatment increased the i-site K content by 132 mg/kg;NPK+PM increased the K proportion at the e-site,while NPK+RS increased K proportion at p-and e-site but

关 键 词：赤红壤 长期施肥试验 有机肥 钾吸附位点 钾释放动力学 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]