利用绿肥提高云南抚仙湖径流区烟田土壤养分和烤烟品质  

Utilizing green manure to increase tobacco quality and soil fertility in the erosion area of Fuxian Lake in Yunnan Province

作　　者：冯瑜 陈华[3] 付利波[3] 周国朋 尹梅[3] 王志远[3] 陈检锋[3] 王伟 杨艳鲜[3] 曹卫东[4] 李永梅[2] FENG Yu;CHEN Hua;FU Li-bo;ZHOU Guo-peng;YIN Mei;WANG Zhi-yuan;CHEN Jian-feng;WANG Wei;YANG Yan-xian;CAO Wei-dong;LI Yong-mei(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650500 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第11期2083-2094,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700204);国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究云南抚仙湖流域烟区种植利用绿肥对土壤养分、烤烟产量及品质的影响,明确适宜当地种植的绿肥品种,为优化烤烟养分管理,减少面源污染风险提供参考。【方法】于2019—2021年开展定位试验,设4个处理,三个冬季绿肥处理分别为油菜、箭筈豌豆和光叶紫花苕,以冬闲无绿肥为对照。测定绿肥还田后和烤烟收获后的土壤性状、烟株农艺性状、烤烟产量、上等烟比例,以及烟叶化学成分、外观和感官质量、产值。【结果】2020年烤烟种植前,各绿肥翻压处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与冬闲处理土壤无显著差异;烤烟收获后,平均有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了3.2 g/kg,6.8 mg/kg、10.1 mg/kg和84.8 mg/kg,以光叶紫花苕处理的速效养分含量提高幅度最大。2021年烤烟种植前和收获后,绿肥处理的有机质和速效养分含量较冬闲均显著提高,以油菜处理的有机质含量最高,光叶紫花苕处理的速效养分含量提升效果最好;冬闲处理的土壤氯含量显著高于绿肥处理。2020和2021年,绿肥处理的烤烟平均产量分别提高了13.8%和22.6%,上等烟比例分别提高了11.2%和24.7%,两年均以光叶紫花苕处理的增产幅度最大。2021年,绿肥处理的烤烟农艺性状明显改善,以光叶紫花苕处理表现最优,其株高、茎围和最大叶宽分别较冬闲处理提高了26.6、2.2和6.9 cm;绿肥处理烤烟中部叶和上部叶的外观质量比冬闲处理分别提高5.0~5.7和4.5~5.8分,感官质量分别提高2.0~3.2和3.6~4.2分,且均以光叶紫花苕处理得分最高;烤烟均价显著提高7.4%~11.9%,产值显著提高30.5%~38.0%,其中光叶紫花苕处理经济效益表现最优。翻压绿肥降低了烟叶总糖与可溶性糖含量差,提高了烟叶钾含量。随机森林回归分析表明,影响烤烟产量的关键指标土壤性状为有机质、氯离子和速效钾含量,烤烟农艺性状【Objectives】Effects of planting and utilizing green manure on soil nutrients,yield,and quality of tobacco in the erosion area of Fuxian Lake in Yunnan,were studied to clarify the resources of suitable local green manures,in order to provide reference for optimizing the local tobacco planting system.【Methods】The field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021,with four treatments:winter fallow,rape(Brassica campestris),common vetch(Vicia sativa L.),and smooth vetch(Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens).We measured the following indicators:soil properties after returning green manure to the field and at harvesting of flue-cured tobacco;the agronomic traits and yield of tobacco,and the proportion of top grade tobacco;the chemical composition,appearance and sensory quality,and the output value of tobacco leaves.【Results】Compared to winter fallow in 2020,the soil organic matter was not significantly changed,the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)slightly decreased before tobacco planting.After tobacco harvest,the average soil organic matter AN,AP and AK increased by 3.2 g/kg,6.8 mg/kg,10.1 mg/kg,and 84.8 mg/kg,respectively,with the highest increment in treatment of smooth vetch.Before planting and after harvest of tobacco in 2021,all the soil organic matter and available nutrient contents under green manure treatments were significantly higher than those under winter fallow.Among the green manure treatments,soil organic matter was the highest in rape treatment,and the highest available nutrients were in smooth vetch treatment.The soil Cl content under winter fallow was significantly higher than under green manure treatment.In 2020 and 2021,green manures increased the average tobacco yield by 13.8%and 22.6%,respectively,and the proportion of top grade tobacco by 11.2%and 24.7%,andsmooth vetch was recorded the highest yield increase.Comparing to winter fallow in 2021,the plant height,stem girth,and maximum leaf width under green manure treatments were increased b

关 键 词：光叶紫花苕 绿肥 烤烟 土壤性状 烤烟品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]