筛选温敏聚氨酯包膜肥料膜材以提升养分智能控释效果  

Screening of temperature-sensitive polyurethane materials to enhance the nutrient intelligent release of controlled-release fertilizers

作　　者：李娟[1] 乔丹 王亚静[1] 林茹 顾典润 周源芳 李涵 杨相东[1] LI Juan;QIAO Dan;WANG Ya-jing;LIN Ru;GU Dian-run;ZHOU Yuan-fang;LI Han;YANG Xiang-dong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第11期2132-2142,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1700605);国家自然科学基金项目(32372819);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：【目的】温度是影响作物生长和肥料养分释放速率的重要因素之一。未来农业的发展需要能够主动适应作物养分需求的智能肥料。利用温敏材料研制开发温敏型包膜控释肥料,可达到肥料养分释放随土壤温度变化而智能释放的目的,因此温敏材料的筛选至关重要。【方法】使用不同分子量的己二酸-1,4-丁二醇(PBA)、聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMG)、聚己内酯二醇(PCL)和聚乙二醇(PEG),共计18种多元醇,将其分别与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应制备聚氨酯包膜尿素。通过对制备的包膜尿素进行水浸泡法测试,评价其控释性能;对制备的聚氨酯膜用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试其相转变温度,评价其温敏性能。【结果】不同多元醇制备的聚氨酯包膜尿素控释性能优劣顺序为PTMG>PCL>PBA>PEG,其中PTMG及PCL系列制备的聚氨酯包膜尿素控释效果较好。在同一系列聚氨酯包膜尿素中,随着多元醇分子量的增加肥料控释性能逐渐变差。DSC测试结果表明,低分子量(2000以下)多元醇制备的聚氨酯膜不具有温敏性,同一系列聚氨酯中,随着分子量的增加其温敏温度逐渐升高。其中PTMG2000、PTMG3000、PCL2000、PBA2000和PCL3000共5种温敏聚氨酯材料的敏感温度分别为13℃、22℃、27℃、39℃和43℃,具有进一步用作制备温敏聚氨酯包膜尿素温敏材料的开发潜力。最后,选取PCL2000和PCL3000作为温敏材料,将其分别与聚丙二醇(PPG)以2∶8摩尔比混合改性,成功制备了两种温敏聚氨酯包膜控释肥料(PUCF1、PUCF2)。变温试验结果表明,温度到达35℃时,PUCF1和PUCF2释放速率分别为11.1%/d和7.1%/d,分别为恒温(25℃)条件下的13.2和6.0倍。而温度再降至25℃后,释放速率随之降低,说明二者均具有温敏性,且控释性能均可达到释放期30天。【结论】综合来看,低分子量多元醇制备的聚氨酯控释性能好但不具备温敏性能,高分子量多元醇制备的【Objectives】Temperature is one of the important factors affecting crop growth and nutrient release rate of fertilizer.The nutrient release of temperature-sensitive controlled-release fertilizers could match with the crop nutrient uptake more efficiently.So we screened the temperature-sensitive compounds and studied their coating properties primarily.【Methods】In this study,18 different polyols,namely hexanedioicacid-1,4-butanediol(PBA),polytetramethylene ether diol(PTMG),polycaprolactone diol(PCL)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with varying molecular weights,were subjected to a one-step reaction with diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI)to prepare polyurethane(PU)films.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)was employed to assess the phase transition temperature of the films.A thermo-sensitive compound was chosen to prepare TSPU encapsulated urea,and the nutrient release period was tested.【Results】The release performance of CRU prepared from different polyols descended in order of PTMG>PCL>PBA>PEG.For the same series of CRUs,the controlled-release performance decreased with the increase in the molecular weight of the polyols.DSC testing results indicated that PU films prepared from low molecular weight polyols(below 2000)did not exhibit thermosensitivity,but did in the high molecular weight polyols.The critical transition temperatures for PTMG2000,PTMG3000,PCL2000,PBA2000,and PCL3000 were 13℃,22℃,27℃,39℃,and 43℃,respectively.PCL2000 and PCL3000 were selected as thermo-sensitive materials,and mixed with polypropylene glycol(PPG)in molar ratio of 2∶8 to prepare two TSPU-coated urea fertilizers(PUCF1 and PUCF2).Both PUCF1 and PUCF2 showed temperature-dependent nutrient release rates,with daily release rate of 11.1%and 7.1%at 35℃,which was 13.2 and 6.0 times of that at 25℃.The nutrient release period of PUCF1 and PUCF2 was as long as 30 days at 25℃.【Conclusions】Polyols with high molecular weight exhibit thermos-sensitivity.Modification of them with diphenylmethane diisocyanate could improve th

关 键 词：温敏聚氨酯 温度响应性控释肥料 分子量 多元醇 控释特性 

分 类 号：S145[农业科学—肥料学]