不同砧木嫁接对连作甜瓜生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Grafting with Different Rootstocks on Growth and Fruit Quality of Cucumis melo under Continuous Cropping

作　　者：王策 程斐[1] 孙令强 纪国才 李平[3] 黄婷婷[3] 李敏[1] Wang Ce;Cheng Fei;Sun Lingqiang;Ji Guocai;Li Ping;Huang Tingting;Li Min(College of Horticulture,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Qingdao Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Qingdao 266071,China;Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市农业技术推广中心,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第11期96-101,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青岛市科技惠民计划项目(20-3-4-24-nsh,21-1-4-ny-13-nsh)。

摘　　要：为了筛选出适宜青岛市主栽甜瓜品种‘甜宝’嫁接的优良砧木品种,本试验以‘甜宝’甜瓜为接穗,与6种砧木品种分别进行嫁接,研究不同砧木嫁接下甜瓜的成活率、生理指标、经济性状及果实品质的变化。结果表明,嫁接能显著提高连作甜瓜植株的存活率,增强植株的光合作用和根系活力,提高果实横径、纵径、单果重和产量,其中青农4号嫁接甜瓜的单果重和产量最高,分别比自根苗增加42.9%和88.7%。与自根苗相比,嫁接甜瓜的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、VC含量、固酸比和糖酸比都有不同程度降低,有机酸含量有不同程度增加,可溶性蛋白含量有增有减,其中沐耕719嫁接甜瓜的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、VC含量、固酸比和糖酸比仅次于自根苗。沐耕719嫁接甜瓜与自根苗甜瓜在硬度、黏附性、内聚性、弹性、胶粘性和咀嚼性各果实质地指标上无显著差异。香气方面,除圣砧1号嫁接甜瓜外,其他砧木嫁接对果实芳香成分影响不显著,但嫁接可能会导致果实氨气等挥发性物质减少。综合分析认为,沐耕719嫁接甜瓜品质好,综合表现最好;青农4号嫁接甜瓜产量最高,综合表现次之。二者可作为‘甜宝’甜瓜嫁接的优良砧木。In order to select the best rootstock cultivars suitable for grafting muskmelon(Cucumis melo L.)variety Tianbao in Qingdao,6 rootstock cultivars were used in this experiment.The changes of survival rate,physiological indexes,economic characters and fruit quality of muskmelon grafted with different rootstock cultivars were analyzed.The results showed that grafting could significantly improve the survival rate and en-hance the photosynthesis and root vitality of continuous cropping muskmelon plants,and increase the trans-verse and longitudinal diameters,single fruit weight and yield of muskmelon fruits.The single fruit weight and yield of muskmelon grafted with Qingnong 4 were the highest,which increased by 42.9%and 88.7%compared with the self-rooted seedlings,respectively.The contents of soluble solid,soluble sugar and VC,and the solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio of muskmelon after grafting reduced to varying degrees,but the organic acid content increased to varying degrees,and the soluble protein content changed in different degrees.The con-tents of soluble solid,soluble sugar and VC,and the solid acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio of the muskmelon grafted with Mugeng 719 were second only to those of self-rooted seedlings,but there were no significant differ-ences in fruit texture indexes such as hardness,adhesion,cohesiveness,elasticity,adhesiveness and chew-ability.Grafting had no significant effect on aroma components of muskmelon fruits except grafting with Sheng-zhen 1 rootstock,but might lead to the reduction of volatile substances such as ammonia.In the principal com-ponent analysis,the first principal component had the contribution rate of 96.14%,and the data distribution showed that the grafted muskmelon with Mugeng 719 was the closest with the self-rooted seedlings.Comprehen-sive analysis showed that the muskmelon grafted with Mugeng 719 had good fruit quality and the best compre-hensive performance;the muskmelon grafted with Qingnong 4 had the highest yield and the second comprehen-sive performance.Th

关 键 词：甜瓜 嫁接 砧木 果实品质 存活率 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]