齿轮齿廓抛光方法研究进展  

Review on the Research of Polishing Technologies for Gear Tooth Profiles

作　　者：陈扬建 易军 王宗伟 陈冰 邓辉[1,2] Chen Yangjian;Yi Jun;Wang Zongwei;Chen Bing;Deng Hui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Precision Machining of Difficult-to-Cut Material,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学机电工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南科技大学难加工材料高效精密加工湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《机械传动》2023年第12期1-12,共12页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51905168)湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20231039)。

摘　　要：齿轮是现代机械传动系统中运用最为广泛的传动件,齿轮齿廓的精度和表面质量对齿轮传动的精度、平稳性、可靠性和噪声影响巨大。齿轮的加工过程通常要经历初切齿—热处理—初磨—精磨等工艺过程,然而,经磨削加工后齿廓仍然存在磨削横纹、表面粗糙度难以进一步降低、表面粗糙度沿齿廓分布不均匀等问题。目前,齿轮经磨削后进行齿廓抛光是解决上述问题的有效途径之一。为此,将现有主要齿轮齿廓抛光方法归纳为齿廓电化学机械抛光、齿廓磨料流抛光、齿廓磁流变抛光以及齿廓剪切增稠抛光等4大类。详细阐述了当前主要齿轮齿廓抛光方法的加工原理;列举了各种加工方法的加工实例;从加工的适应范围、加工效率、抛光后的齿廓表面粗糙度的改善率以及对加工设备的要求等方面归纳了各个加工方法的技术优势和存在的问题。结果表明,使用其他辅助能场(如超声、激光、磁场等)与传统抛光方法复合以实现高效、高精度、高表面一致性齿廓抛光将是未来的主要研究方向。Gears are the most widely used transmission parts in the modern mechanical transmission sys-tem.The precision and surface quality of gear tooth profiles have great influence on the precision,smoothness,reliability and noise of gear transmission.The machining process of gears usually goes through the process of initial cutting,heat treatment,initial grinding and fine grinding,etc.However,there are still some problems after grinding,such as grinding marks,difficulties in further reducing the surface roughness and uneven distribution of surface roughness along the tooth profile.At present,gear profile polishing after grinding is one of the effec-tive ways to solve the above problems.In this study,the main methods of tooth profile polishing are classified in-to electrochemical honing,abrasive flow machining,magnetorheological finishing and shear thickening fluids polishing.The machining principle of the current main gear tooth profile polishing methods is described in de-tail.Examples of various processing methods are listed.The advantages and problems of each machining meth-od are summarized from the aspects of the range of machining adaptation,machining efficiency,the improve-ment rate of the surface roughness of the polished tooth profile and the requirements for the machining equip-ment.The results show that the combination of other auxiliary energy fields such as ultrasonic,laser and magnet-ic field with traditional polishing methods to achieve high efficiency,high precision and high surface consistency tooth profile polishing will be the main research direction in the future.

关 键 词：电解珩磨抛光 磨料流抛光 磁流变抛光 剪切增稠抛光 表面粗糙度 加工效率 

分 类 号：TH132.41[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]