低品位钨锡混合矿酸碱联合浸出工艺研究  

Study on Acid-Alkali Combined Leaching Process of Low-Grade Tungsten-Tin Mixed Ore

作　　者：李军 邓立勤 伏彩萍 刘旭恒 崔鹏 陈星宇 李江涛 何利华 孙丰龙 赵中伟 LI Jun;DENG Li-qin;FU Cai-ping;LIU Xu-heng;CUI Peng;CHEN Xing-yu;LI Jiang-tao;HE Li-hua;SUN Feng-long;ZHAO Zhong-wei(Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd.,Chenzhou 423037,China;School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司,湖南郴州423037 [2]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2023年第6期1-7,共7页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2905105)。

摘　　要：针对南岭钨锡多金属资源综合开发利用面临的技术难题,采用酸碱联合分解工艺处理低品位钨锡混合矿,实现了钨的高效浸出与锡的资源化富集。研究了浸出过程中各参数对钨矿物分解及锡石反应行为的影响,结果表明:矿物中白钨成分的分解需高浓度盐酸提供足够的推动力,过高的磷酸浓度不利于矿物的分解;黑钨组分采用传统的碱压煮法实现高效分解,伴生的锡资源富集在碱分解渣中。酸浸过程以5mol/LHCl+75g/LH_(3)PO_(4)混合酸作为浸出剂,在液固比2.5∶1、反应温度80℃、反应时间2h的条件下,W浸出率为77.89%,渣含钨为4.58%;碱浸过程控制NaOH浓度为300g/L,液固比为1.25∶1,反应温度为130℃、反应时间为1.5h,可使W浸出率达到99.79%,渣含钨仅为0.06%。混合矿中锡的赋存状态复杂,在酸、碱浸出体系中均有少量损失,碱煮渣中锡含量富集至11.21%,可作为锡中矿进行资源化利用。To address the technical challenges in the comprehensive development and utilization of Nanling tungsten-tin polymetallic resources,an acid-alkali combined decomposition process was employed to treat low-grade tungsten-tin mixed ore,achieving efficient leaching of tungsten and resourceful enrichment of tin.The influences of various parameters on the decomposition of tungsten minerals and the reaction behavior of cassiterite during the leaching process were investigated.The results demonstrate that the decomposition of the scheelite component in the minerals requires a high concentration of HCl to provide sufficient driving force,while excessively high H_3PO_4 concentration is detrimental to it.The efficient decomposition of wolframite component is achieved using the conventional alkali autoclaving method,with the associated Sn being enriched in the alkali decomposition slag.In the acid leaching process,a mixed acid of 5 mol/L HCl+75 g/L H_(3)PO_(4) is used as the leachant.Under the process conditions of a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2.5∶1,a reaction temperature of 80℃,and a reaction time of 2 h,the W leaching rate is 77.89%and the W content in the slag is 4.58%.In the alkali leaching process,controlling the conditions of a NaOH concentration at 300 g/L,a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1.25∶1,a reaction temperature of 130℃,and a reaction time of 1.5 h,the W leaching rate could reach 99.79%with the W content in the slag only of 0.06%.The complex occurrence state of Sn in the mixed ore causes its slight loss in both acid and alkali leaching systems.The Sn content in the alkali decomposition slag is enriched to 11.21%,which can be used as a medium-grade tin concentrate for resource utilization.

关 键 词：钨锡混合矿 酸碱联合浸出 钨锡分离 盐酸 磷酸 氢氧化钠 资源化利用 

分 类 号：TF841.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]