钽铌精矿湿法冶炼过程“三废”综合治理工艺设计  

Process Design on Comprehensive Treatment of Three Wastes during Tantalum-Niobium Hydrometallurgical Process

作　　者：崔佳娜[1] 吴班 CUI Jia-na;WU Ban(Changsha Engineering and Research Institute Ltd.of Nonferrous Metallurgy,Changsha 410001,China;Hunan Nonfemet&Komeng Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410221,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南长沙410001 [2]湖南中金岭南康盟环保科技有限公司,湖南长沙410221

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2023年第6期23-28,32,共7页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

摘　　要：全面介绍了钽铌精矿湿法冶炼过程中“三废”的来源、性质及采取的治理措施。其中,废水进行精细化处理,涉放、涉重萃取残液单独处理,并达到资源化处理后全部回用,不外排;其他生产废水采用石灰分步除氟除硫酸根和负压汽提脱氨实现氨的循环利用,汽提脱氨出水经pH调节、絮凝沉降、深度除氟,达到标准后排放。废气全部经过收集送净化系统,净化后高空排放;工艺废气、干燥废气、煅烧废气中的污染因子净化效率达到90%以上,锅炉烟气通过采用低氮燃烧器可直接排放。低放射性固体废物和危险废物分别放置在厂区内放射性渣库和危废库暂存,均定期委托有资质单位处置;一般工业固体废物或综合利用或和生活垃圾一起定期卫生填埋。本工艺设计在实现“三废”达标排放的同时,促进了资源高效回收和循环利用。The sources,properties,and treatment measures of three wastes in the hydrometallurgical process of tantalum-niobium concentrate are comprehensively introduced.Among the three wastes,the waste water undergoes refined treatment,with the extraction raffinate containing radioactive substance or heavy metals being treated separately,achieving complete reuse through resource processing without any discharge.Other production wastewater is treated using lime for step-by-step defluorination and desulfation and negative pressure stripping deammoniation for ammonia recycling.The stripping deammoniation effluent is subjected to pH adjustment,flocculent deposition,and deep defluorination before being discharged to meet the standards.All exhaust gases are collected and sent to the purification system for discharge at high altitude after purification.The purification efficiency of pollution factors in process waste gas,dry waste gas and calcined waste gas exceeds 90%,and the boiler flue gas can be directly discharged by using low-nitrogen burners.Low-level radioactive solid waste and hazardous waste are temporarily stored in the radioactive residue storage and hazardous waste storage within the plant respectively,and are regularly entrusted to qualified units for disposal.General industrial solid waste is either comprehensively utilized or undergoes regular sanitary landfill with domestic waste.The process design not only realizes the standard discharge of three wastes but also promotes the efficient recovery and recycling of resources.

关 键 词：钽铌湿法冶炼 “三废” 来源 性质 治理措施 环境保护 工艺设计 

分 类 号：TF841.6[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]