基于有限单元法自卸车货箱不同工况承载分析  

Load Analysis of Dump Truck Container Under Different Working Conditions Based on Finite Element Method

作　　者：李慧亮 罗玉梅 LI Hui-liang;LUO Yu-mei(School of Mechatronics Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Industrlal Technology,He’nan Zhengzhou 451100,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州工业应用技术学院机电工程学院,河南郑州451100

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2023年第12期181-185,189,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21B535003);河南省机械设计制造及自动化品牌专业建设[豫政法(2019)527]。

摘　　要：自卸车货箱承载特性分析是整车设计和轻量化等研究的基础。建立货箱有限元模型,对举升工况和运行工况承载进行分析;对货箱挡板和底板承载进行分析;基于有限元模型,对6种静态工况和3种瞬态冲击工况进行分析,获取各工况的应力分布,获取应力最大分布位置;采用实车应变测试,对应力最大位置进行测试,对仿真分析进行检验。结果可知:静载工况下,货箱应力分布不均匀,大部分位置应力小于200MPa;满载下坡不平路面紧急制动工况,高应力区域比较集中,出现在货箱举升铰接座附近,最大值约为257MPa;各种工况下,侧板最大应力值总是出现在侧板中部,最大值不超过150MPa;货箱底板能够承受冲击物质量为11000kg的矿石冲击,瞬态最大应力值为225MPa,满足许用应力要求;实车测试货箱举升铰接座、货箱底板中心处的应力分别为:266.2MPa、235.44MPa,与仿真值误差小于5%,表明有限元分析的可靠性,同时验证了模型的准确与可靠性,为此类研究提供参考。The analysis of loading characteristics of dump truck is the basis of vehicle design and lightweight research.The finite element analysis model of a dump truck container was established.The load distribution was obtained by analyzing the lifting and operating conditions of the container.The bearing capacity of container baffle and bottom plate was analyzed.Based on the finite element model,six static working conditions and three transient impact working conditions were analyzed to obtain the stress distribution of each working condition and the maximum stress distribution position.The real vehicle strain test method was used to test the maximum stress position,and the simulation results were verified.The results show that:under the static load condition,the stress distribution of the container is uneven,and the stress in most positions is less than 200MPa.Under the emergency braking condition of full load downhill and uneven road,the high stress area is relatively concentrated,which appears near the cargo box lifting hinge seat,and the maximum value is about 257MPa.Under various working conditions,the maximum stress value of the side plate always appears in the middle of the side plate,and the maximum value does not exceed 150MPa.The bottom plate of the container can withstand the impact of 11000kg ore,and its maximum transient stress is 225MPa,which meets the allowable stress requirements.The stress of the hinge seat and the center of the bottom plate are 266.2MPa and 235.44MPa respectively,and the error between them and the simulation value is less than 5%,which indicates the reliability of the finite element analysis,and verifies the accuracy and reliability of the model,which provides a reference for such research.

关 键 词：自卸车 货箱 承载 不同工况 有限元模型 应变片测试 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U464.138.2[机械工程—车辆工程]