基于dq坐标系下6次谐波抑制的车用感应电机低频共振削弱方法  

Low Frequency Resonance Reduction Method of Induction Motor Used by Electric Vehicle Based on Sixth Harmonic Suppression in dq Coordinate

作　　者：冯婉 张文娟[2] 苗轶如 黄守道[2] 杨生博[3] Feng Wan;Zhang Wenjuan;Miao Yiru;Huang Shoudao;Yang Shengbo(College of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Changsha University,Changsha 410022 China;College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University,Changsha 410082 China;State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044 China)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院电子信息与电气工程学院,长沙410022 [2]湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,长沙410082 [3]输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆400044

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第24期6632-6645,共14页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52077011,52277034);湖南省教育厅项目(22A0603);长沙市重大科技专项项目(kq2105001)资助。

摘　　要：死区、管压降等非线性因素会在逆变器的输出电压中注入低次谐波,从而引起定子电流发生5次与7次谐波畸变并增加转矩脉动。同时,由于电动汽车用感应电机的固有频率较低,当电机中高速运行时,定子电流的低次谐波频率与电机固有频率重合,从而产生低频共振。针对上述问题,该文首先对感应电机固有频率的仿真与测试方法展开研究,确定电机的固有频率范围。然后在对死区与管压降所引起谐波畸变特性进行分析的基础上,提出在转子磁链定向后的两相旋转坐标系(dq坐标系)下矢量控制系统中电流内环加入可衰减6次谐波的谐振控制器,并针对谐振控制器参数的设计方法展开研究。最后建立仿真模型与实验平台,结合电流快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析结果与功率谱密度以及振动实验数据,并与其他前馈补偿方法进行对比,证明通过对dq坐标系下6次谐波的抑制,可有效降低定子电流的5次与7次谐波以及固有频率处电机的振动功率,同时说明该文的理论分析与所提的dq坐标系下6次谐波抑制方法是正确且可行的。The development of electric vehicles(EVs)is an effective means to solve energy and environmental problems and achieve the goals of“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”.However,the motor drive system in EVs faces severe vibration and noise issues.If the harmonics in the stator current align with the natural frequency of the motor,motor resonance can occur.In an ideal situation,the inverter line voltage and stator current only have sideband harmonics distributed near the fundamental and switching frequencies and their multiples.However,nonlinear factors such as the conduction voltage drop,snubber capacitance,and dead time are added during the modulation process to prevent bridge arm direct connection in the inverter,causing low harmonic distortion of the stator current.In addition,the inherent frequency of induction motors used in EVs is low,and the motor commonly operates over a wide speed range.The low harmonic generated during the modulation process can coincide with the inherent frequency of the motor,resulting in low-frequency resonance.To suppress the low-order harmonic of the stator current,firstly,the simulation and test method of the natural frequency of the induction motor(IM)is studied,and the natural frequency range of the IM is determined.Then,based on harmonic distortion characteristics caused by dead time and tube voltage drop,a sixth harmonic controller is added to the current inner loop of the vector control system after rotor flux orientation(dq coordinate).Combined with bode plots and pole distribution diagrams,the optimal parameters of the harmonic controller are obtained according to the stability and harmonic suppression characteristics.Finally,the simulation model and experimental platform are established considering current FFT analysis results,power spectral density,and vibration experimental data under four operating conditions(low speed,no load,rated speed,and high speed).Compared with the compensation method of the pulse duration and inverter nonlinearity feedforward,it is prove

关 键 词：感应电机 低频共振 低次谐波 控制策略 死区 

分 类 号：TM46[电气工程—电器]