对集体剂量概念在核电站辐射防护管理中角色的理解和思考  

Understanding and thinking about the role of collective dose concept in radiation protection management of nuclear power plants

作　　者：王川 何俊男 沈恩伟 WANG Chuan;HE Junnan;SHEN Enwei(CNNC Nuclear Power Operations Research Institute,Shanghai 200126;CNNC Nuclear Power Operations Management Co.Ltd.,Zhejiang Haiyan 341300)

机构地区：[1]核电运行研究(上海)有限公司,上海200126 [2]中核核电有限管理有限公司,浙江海盐314300

出　　处：《辐射防护》2023年第6期598-602,共5页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：将2012—2021年中国核能电力股份有限公司(中国核电,CNNP)运行机组的年度集体剂量与世界核营运者协会(WANO)绩效指标中的集体剂量的先进值和中值进行了比较,对中国核电年度的最大个人剂量、年度人均个人剂量和个人剂量区间分布进行了分析,也对比了全球主要核电国家不同堆型核电机组的年度集体剂量平均值。结合核电站运行辐射防护主要任务的分析,文章认为,在核电站辐射防护管理中,贯彻辐射防护最优化原则不是无限制地追求集体剂量低,不能把集体剂量作为评价核电站辐射防护管理业绩的唯一指标,不能把集体剂量数值绝对值的大小简单地等效于核电站辐射防护管理绩效的优劣。在核电站辐射防护管理中,辐射剂量控制、放射性污染控制、放射性物品的管控应置于同等重要的位置。This paper compares the annual collective dose of the nuclear power units of China National Nuclear Power Co,Ltd(CNNP)with the WANO best quarter and median value from 2012 to 2021.This paper also analyzes the maximum annual individual dose,average annual individual dose and interval distribution of individual dose of CNNP’s NPPs,and compares the average annual collective dose per reactor unit among different reactor types worldwide.Based on the brief analysis of the main tasks of radiation protection during NPPs operation,this paper draws the following conclusions:Implementing the ALARA principle is not to pursue the low collective dose without limitation;the collective dose cannot be regarded as the only index to evaluate the performance of radiation protection management in NPPs;and the absolute value of collective dose cannot be simply equivalent to the standard of radiation protection management performance of NPPs.For the radiation protection management of NPPs,radiation dose control,radiation contamination control and radioactive materials control should be placed at the same important position,not one-sided emphasis on any aspect.

关 键 词：核电站 辐射防护管理 集体剂量 个人剂量 

分 类 号：TL75[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]