铀的神经毒性及作用机制研究进展  

Research progress on the neurotoxicity of uranium and related functional mechanism

作　　者：张婷 战景明[1] 周小林[1] 张晖[2] 张艳娜 ZHANG Ting;ZHAN Jingming;ZHOU Xiaolin;ZHANG Hui;ZHANG Yanna(China Institute for radiation proctection,Taiyuan 030006;CNNC North Nuclear Fuel Components Co.Ltd.,Neimenggu Baotou 014035)

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006 [2]中核北方核燃料元件有限公司,内蒙古包头014035

出　　处：《辐射防护》2023年第6期678-686,共9页Radiation Protection

基　　金：2022年度中国辐射防护研究院青年基金。

摘　　要：随着对铀的不断研究,越来越多的毒理学证据表明铀不仅对肾脏和骨骼产生作用,铀的暴露会出现抑郁、忧虑、运动和语言障碍等神经系统的行为异常现象。铀的神经毒性表现的更为隐匿,但造成的远期毒性效应不容忽视。本文从动物模型的实验研究和人群流行病学调查两个方面介绍了铀的神经毒性,并从炎症和氧化应激、细胞凋亡和坏死、细胞死亡或神经元信号传导和细胞内信号转导、中枢神经系统的表观遗传学机制四个方面对铀(含贫铀)的神经毒性及可能的作用机制进行系统综述,为铀的毒性研究提供新的思路,以更好的保障相关从业者的健康。With the continuous research on uranium,more and more toxicological evidence shows that uranium not only has some effects on the kidneys and bones,but also that uranium exposure may cause abnormal behavior of the nervous system such as depression,anxiety,movement and language disorders.The neurotoxicity of uranium is more insidious,but its long-term toxic effects can not be ignored.This paper introduces the neurotoxicity of uranium from the experimental study of animal models and population epidemiological investigation,and explains the mechanism of neurotoxicity of uranium from four ways,namely:inflammation and oxidative stress,apoptosis and necrosis,cell death or neuronal signal transduction and intracellular signal transduction,and Epigenetics mechanism of the central nervous system.This paper reviews the neurotoxicity and possible mechanisms of uranium(including depleted uranium),with the aim of providing new ideas for uranium toxicity research and better safeguarding the health of relevant practitioners.

关 键 词：铀 神经毒性 作用机制 动物实验 人群研究 

分 类 号：R818.73[医药卫生—放射医学]