一株甜瓜枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及生防效果  

Screening,identification and biocontrol effect of antagonistic bacteria against melon Fusarium wilt

作　　者：郝芳敏 董文杰 臧全宇 马二磊 丁伟红 王毓洪 HAO Fangmin;DONGWenjie;ZANG Quanyu;MAErlei;DINGWeihong;WANG Yuhong(Ningbo Key Laboratory of Characteristic Horticultural Crops in Quality Adjustment and Resistance Breeding/Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ningbo 315040,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315040,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市特色园艺作物品质调控和抗性育种重点实验室·宁波市农业科学研究院,浙江宁波315040 [2]浙江万里学院,浙江宁波315040

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第12期26-32,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S114);浙江省西甜瓜良种育繁推科技创新平台(ZJ2019-80);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(nycytx-36)。

摘　　要：为获得对甜瓜病原菌具有生防潜力的菌株,采用稀释涂平板和分子鉴定的方法,从连续多年种植甜瓜大棚的土壤中分离获得菌株Bc1-20,鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。为筛选到对甜瓜多种病害的病原菌具有拮抗作用和对甜瓜具有促生作用的菌株,采用平板对峙法、苗期灌根和盆栽接种试验。结果表明,Bc1-20对甜瓜多种真菌病害的病原菌均有抑制作用,例如,尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis)、黑点根腐病菌(Monosporascus cannonballus)、蔓枯病菌(Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum)、腐皮镰刀菌(F.solani)和亚洲镰刀菌(F.asiaticum);Bc1-20处理甜瓜幼苗的茎粗、茎长、鲜质量、子叶长宽及最大真叶的长和宽方面都极显著高于空白对照,表明铜绿假单胞菌Bc1-20对甜瓜幼苗有促生作用;Bc1-20处理的甜瓜幼苗枯萎病的病情指数为40.80,空白对照组的病情指数为85.65,Bc1-20处理的相对防治效果为52.34%。综上,铜绿假单胞菌Bc1-20具有生防潜力,可很好地防治甜瓜枯萎病。To obtain effective biocontrol fungi against melon pathogens,dilute coated plates and molecular identification methods were used,strain Bc1-20 was isolated from the melon greenhouse planted for many years,and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In order to screen the strains that have antagonistic and growth promoting effects,the experiments of plate confrontation,root irrigation and pot inoculation method were carried out.The result showed that Bc1-20 had good inhibitory effect on the pathogen of various fungal diseases of melon,such as Fusarium oxysporum,Monosporascus cannonballus,Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum,F.solani and F.asiaticum,and showed strong antagonistic activity on the plate.Furthermore,P.aeruginosa Bc1-20 could promote the growth of melon seedlings,and significantly increased the stem diameter,fresh weight,length and width of cotyledon and the length and width of the largest true leaf of melon seedlings compared with the control.In addition,pot experiment also showed that it had biocontrol potential to control the melon fusarium wilt and the relative control effect was 52.34%.P.aeruginosa Bc1-20 has the potential of biocontrol and can effectively control muskmelon wilt.

关 键 词：甜瓜 铜绿假单胞菌 Bc1-20 甜瓜枯萎病 生防潜力 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]