氮肥减施条件下有机肥替代氮肥对温室番茄产量、品质和水肥效应的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen on tomato yield,quality and water fertilizer effects in greenhouse under nitrogen fertilizer reduction

作　　者：张洋[1] 张荣[1] 胥婷婷[1] ZHANG Yang;ZHANG Rong;XU Tingting(Academy of Agricultural and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第12期93-99,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：青海省科技特派员专项(2023-NK-P30);青海省科学技术厅重大科技专项(2019-NK-A11)。

摘　　要：以番茄粉特优为试验材料,在田间试验条件下,研究有机肥部分替代化肥对温室番茄产量、品质和水肥效应的影响。结果表明,常规施肥减氮40%+有机肥替代氮肥40%处理番茄产量最高,但与常规施肥处理无显著差异;可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量均显著高于常规施肥处理。各处理0~20 cm土层土壤含水量均高于常规施肥处理,并随着有机肥替代氮肥量的增加呈增加的趋势。番茄对氮、磷、钾素的平均吸收量大小依次为钾>氮>磷,吸收比例为N∶P∶K=1∶0.30∶1.24。常规施肥减氮40%+有机肥替代氮肥40%处理番茄氮素、磷素、钾素吸收量均显著高于常规施肥处理;肥料贡献率较常规施肥提高16.22个百分点,农学利用率较常规施肥高8.92 kg·kg^(-1)。综上,常规施肥减氮40%+有机肥替代氮肥40%(N 162 kg·hm^(-2)+P2O5246 kg·hm^(-2)+K2O 417 kg·hm^(-2)+有机肥5400 kg·hm^(-2))是青海东部地区温室番茄生产最佳的施肥模式。Fenteyou tomato was used as experimental material,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen on tomato yield、quality、water fertilizer effects in greenhouse.The results showed that conventional fertilization with 40%nitrogen reduction plus organic fertilizer replacing 40%nitrogen treatment had the highest yield,but there was no significant difference with conventional fertilization treatment.The soluble sugar and vitamin C content were significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment.Soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment,and with the increase of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen,the soil water content showed an increasing trend.The absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by tomato is potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus,and the absorption ratio is N∶P∶K=1∶0.30∶1.24.The treatment of conventional fertilization with 40%nitrogen reduction plus organic fertilizer replacing 40%nitrogen has the highest absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,which is significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization.Compared with conventional fertilization,fertilizer contribution rate increased 16.22 percentage points,and agronomic efficiency increased by 8.92 kg·kg^(-1).In conclusion,conventional fertilization with 40%nitrogen reduction plus organic fertilizer replacing 40%nitrogen(N 162 kg·hm^(-2)+P2O5246 kg·hm^(-2)+K2O 417 kg·hm^(-2)+organic fertilizer 5400 kg·hm^(-2))is the best fertilization mode for tomato in greenhouse in eastern region of Qinghai province.

关 键 词：番茄 氮肥减施 有机肥替代氮肥 产量 水肥效应 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]