丘陵区谷子-油菜复种模式对土壤理化性质及微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Millet-rape Multi-cropping System on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Quantity in the Hilly Area

作　　者：梁颖颖 戴晓星 吴孔杰 杨素 赵俊杰 代中杰 张富厚[1] 孟超敏[1] LIANG Yingying;DAI Xiaoxing;WU Kongjie;YANG Su;ZHAO Junjie;DAI Zhongjie;ZHANG Fuhou;MENG Chaomin(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dryland Crop Germplasm Resources Utilization Engineering Research Center,Luoyang,Henan 471000;Luoning Bureau of Science and Technology and Industry Information,Luoning,Henan 471700;Yichuan Yiheqiao Millet Co.,Ltd./Luoyang Center for Millet Planting and Processing Industrial Enterprise Research and Development,Yichuan,Henan 471300;Luoning Jianshenyu Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd./Luoyang Center for Rape Planting and Processing Industrial Enterprise Research and Development,Luoning,Henan 471700,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地作物种质资源利用工程研究中心,河南洛阳471000 [2]洛宁县科技和工业信息化局,河南洛宁471700 [3]伊川县伊河桥米业有限公司/洛阳市小米种植与加工业企业研发中心,河南伊川471300 [4]洛宁县涧神峪农业开发有限责任公司/洛阳市油菜种植与加工业企业研发中心,河南洛宁471700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第12期46-52,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技厅:河南省产业科技特派员专项资助项目(2018HNCYTPY01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明丘陵区谷子-油菜复种不同种植模式对土壤理化性质及根际微生物数目的影响,为制定合理的栽培措施及实现农业特色产业良性发展提供参考。【方法】采用时空替代法对谷子-油菜复种不同年限(1年、2年和3年)及谷子-油菜复种1年后轮作其他作物(玉米、红薯)的土壤养分含量与微生物数量进行方差和相关性分析。【结果】在谷子-油菜复种1年后轮作其他作物的种植模式下,与谷子-油菜复种1年种植模式相比,土壤养分含量:轮作红薯和玉米的土壤全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均显著下降(P<0.05);土壤微生物数量:轮作红薯与玉米的土壤细菌均显著降低(P<0.05),轮作红薯的土壤真菌和放线菌数量显著增加(P<0.05),轮作玉米的土壤放线菌数量显著增加(P<0.05)。在谷子-油菜复种不同年限的种植模式中,土壤养分含量:随复种年限增加,土壤中全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾含量呈先降后升趋势;土壤微生物数量:土壤中放线菌和细菌数量随复种年限增加而显著提高(P<0.05),土壤真菌数量以复种2年的显著高于复种1年和3年。【结论】丘陵区谷子-油菜复种随复种年限增加土壤养分含量呈先降后升趋势,复种3年的土壤养分含量优于复种2年。谷子-油菜复种模式能够较好维持农田土壤肥力平衡,改善土壤质量。【Objective】The effects of millet-rape multi-cropping system with different planting patterns on soil physical and chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial quantity were explored in the hilly areas,which provided references for formulating rational cultivation measures and realizing the healthy development of agricultural characteristic industries.【Method】The variance and correlation analysis of soil nutrient content and soil microbial quantity in millet-rape multi-cropping for different years(one year,two years and three years)and rotating other crops(corn and sweet potato)after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape were conducted by spatial-temporal substitution method.【Result】Under rotating other crops after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape,compared with millet-rape multi-cropping for one year pattern,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were significantly decreased after rotating sweet potato and corn(P<0.05);As for the soil microbial quantity,soil bacteria decreased significantly(P<0.05)after rotating sweet potato and corn,soil fungi and actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P<0.05)after rotating sweet potato,while soil actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P<0.05)after rotating corn.In the planting pattern of millet-rape multi-cropping for different years,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium in soil showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years;As for soil microbial quantity,soil actinomycetes and bacteria quantity increased significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of multi-planting years,and soil fungi quantity of multi-cropping for two years was significantly higher than that of multi-cropping for one year and three years.【Conclusion】The soil nutrient content showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years in millet-rape multi-cropping sy

关 键 词：谷子 油菜 复种 根际土壤 微生数量 理化性质 丘陵区 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]