不同除草剂及其组合对甘蓝田土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Herbicides and Their Combinations on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Cabbage Field

作　　者：兰献敏 冉海燕 陈仕红 何秀龙 叶照春[1] 何永福[1] LAN Xianmin;RAN Haiyan;CHEN Shihong;HE Xiulong;YE Zhaochun;HE Yongfu(Guizhou Institute of Plant Protection,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第12期53-58,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目“除草剂胁迫下甘蓝田杂草群落动态变化研究”[黔农科院青年基金(2018-61)];贵州科技条件与服务能力建设项目“植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室贵州研究中心创新能力提升”[黔科合服企(2020-4007)]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明草甘膦、乙草胺及其组合剂对甘蓝田土壤养分及酶活性的影响,为其生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,研究不同处理〔等量清水(CK)、草甘膦(T_(1))、乙草胺(T_(2))、草甘膦+乙草胺(T_(3))〕对甘蓝田土壤养分及酶活性的影响。【结果】不同处理有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和有效钾分别为45.34~46.25 g/kg、2.43~2.54 g/kg、0.28~0.29 g/kg、0.69~0.71 g/kg、21.34~25.75 mg/kg、3.10~3.25 g/kg和0.10~0.14 g/kg,分别以T_(1)、T_(1)/CK、T_(3)、T_(2)/T_(3)、CK、T_(3)和CK最高,T_(2)、T_(2)、T_(1)/T_(2)/CK、T_(1)/CK、T_(1)、T_(1)和T_(1)最低,其中有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷和全钾各处理间差异不显著,有效钾CK显著高于T_(1)。过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶分别为2.84~2.92 mL/(g·24 h)、4.08~4.87μg/(g·24 h)、14.37~15.92 mg/(g·24 h)和8.00~9.43 mg/(g·24 h),分别以T_(3)、CK、CK和T_(1)最高,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(1)和CK最低;过氧化氢酶T_(3)极显著高于T_(1),酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶各处理间差异不显著。【结论】3个药剂处理对土壤有效磷和有效钾含量的影响较明显,对土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷和全钾影响相对不明显;生产上应避免高频使用除草剂单剂,应结合农业、物理和化学防治措施进行综合防控。【Objective】The effects of glyphosate,acetochlor and their combination on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in cabbage field were studied,so as to provide scientific basis for their production and application.【Method】The effects of different treatments〔equal amount of water(CK),glyphosate(T_(1)),acetochlor(T_(2)),glyphosate+acetochlor(T_(3))〕on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in cabbage field were investigated by field experiments.【Result】Organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium with different treatments ranged from 45.34 to 46.25 g/kg,2.43 to 2.54 g/kg,0.28 to 0.29 g/kg,0.69 to 0.71 g/kg,21.34 to 25.75 mg/kg,3.10 to 3.25 g/kg and 0.10 to 0.14 g/kg,with T_(1),T_(1)/CK,T_(3),T_(2)/T_(3),CK,T_(3) and CK being the highest,and T_(2),T_(2),T_(1)/T_(2)/CK,T_(1)/CK,T_(1),T_(1) and T_(1) being the lowest,respectively.Among them,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and total potassium did not differ significantly among treatments,and available potassium in CK was significantly higher than in T_(1).Catalase,acid phosphatase,urease and sucrase were 2.84-2.92 mL/(g·24h),4.08-4.87μg/(g·24 h),14.37-15.92 mg/(g·24 h),and 8.00-9.43 mg/(g·24 h),respectively,as T_(3),CK,CK and T_(1) were the highest,and T_(1),T_(2),T_(1) and CK were the lowest.Catalase in T_(3) was highly significant higher than T_(1),and acid phosphatase,urease and sucrase did not differ significantly among treatments.【Conclusion】The effects of three treatments on soil available phosphorus and available potassium content were more obvious,and the effects on soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were relatively insignificant.The high-frequency use of herbicides should avoid during production,and the herbicides should be combined with agricultural,physical and chemical control measures to carry out integrated prevention and control.

关 键 词：草甘膦 乙草胺 药剂组合剂 甘蓝田 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S451.241[农业科学—植物保护]