生草减肥措施对坡地芒果园氮磷流失及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of biological coverage with fertilizer reduction on nitrogen and phosphorus loss and nutrient absorption in slope mango orchard

作　　者：陈开骥 彭嘉宇 周柳强[2] 雷秋良[3] 沈小微 谭宏伟[2] 黄金生[2] 刘昔辉[4] 唐新莲[1] 区惠平[2] CHEN Kai-ji;PENG Jia-yu;ZHOU Liu-qiang;LEI Qiu-liang;SHEN Xiao-wei;TAN Hong-wei;HUANG Jin-sheng;LIU Xi-hui;TANG Xin-lian;OU Hui-ping(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation/South China Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Nanning Observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Environment,Nanning 530007,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部华南植物营养与施肥技术科学观测实验站/国家农业环境南宁观测实验站,南宁530007 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [4]中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第10期2191-2199,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20108002-2,桂科AA22036001-2);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT036)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确田间生草减肥管理措施对坡地芒果园氮(N)和磷(P)流失及养分吸收的影响,为有效防治坡地芒果园N和P流失协同养分增效提供科学依据。【方法】以广西百色市5年生热农坡地芒果园为研究对象,设生草减肥和常规管理2个处理,在自然降雨条件下测定2个处理坡地芒果园的径流产生量及泥沙、N和P流失量,同时分析芒果的N、P和钾(K)养分吸收量。【结果】研究区降雨主要集中在5—8月,中雨以上等级的降水量占观测期总降水量的77.28%。径流发生于连续中大降雨或单场降水量大于30.00 mm的降雨,且降水量与泥沙、总N和总P流失量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。连续中大降雨是泥沙及N和P流失的主要来源,其泥沙、N和P流失量分别占总泥沙、N和P流失量的74.23%~85.74%、73.70%~83.06%和77.88%~85.18%。生草减肥处理的总径流量、泥沙平均含量及总泥沙、总N和P流失量分别为476.2 m^(3)/hm^(2)、1.35 g/L、688.8 kg/hm^(2)、1014.7 g/hm^(2)和74.9 g/hm^(2),较常规管理处理分别减少66.20%、66.42%、88.68%、79.39%和83.51%。同时,生草减肥处理的偏生产力及N、P和K养分吸收量分别为19.3 kg/kg、108.9 g/株、16.4 g/株和151.8 g/株,较常规管理处理分别提高29.53%、8.68%、9.33%和8.98%。【结论】在广西百色市芒果产区坡地芒果园,地表径流发生于连续中大降雨或单场降雨大于30.00 mm的降雨,且与降水量呈极显著正相关,果园产流产沙量及N和P流失量受连续中大降雨的影响更明显。与常规管理相比,生草减肥措施可在有效减少地表径流及泥沙、N和P流失量的同时提高偏生产力及N、P和K养分的吸收量。【Objective】The effects of biological coverage with fertilizer reduction on nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loss and nutrient absorption in slope mango orchards were explored to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of N and P loss and nutrient increase in slope mango orchards.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a Rerong five-year mango orchard in Baise,Guangxi with two treatments of biological coverage with fertilizer reduction and conventional management.The runoff,sediment load,N and P load of slope mango orchard under two treatments and natural rainfall were measured.Meanwhile,the absorption of N,P and potassium(K)of mango were also analyzed.【Result】The rainfall in the study area was mainly from May to August,and the moderate rainfall or above accounted for 77.28%of the total rainfall in the observation period.Runoff occurred in continuous heavy rainfall or single rainfall greater than 30 mm.There was extremely significant positive correlation between rainfall and sediment,N and P load(P<0.01).Continuous heavy rainfall was the main source of sediment and N and P load,where the amount of sediment and N and P load accounted for 74.23%-85.74%,73.70%-83.06%and 77.88%-85.18%of the total sediment and N and P load,respectively.The total runoff,mean sediment content,and total sediment,total N and total P load under biological coverage with fertilizer reduction treatment were 476.2 m^(3)/hm^(2),1.35 g/L,688.8 kg/hm^(2),1014.7 g/hm^(2)and 74.9 g/hm^(2),respectively,which were 66.20%,66.42%,88.68%,79.39%and 83.51%lower than those under conventional management treatment respectively compared with conventional management treatment.At the same time,the partial productivity and N,P and K absorption under biological coverage with fertilizer reduction treatment were 19.3 kg/kg,108.9 g/plant,16.4 g/plant,151.8 g/plant respectively,which were 29.31%,8.68%,9.33%and 8.98%higher than those under conventional management treatment respectively.【Conclusion】In the slope mango orchard in the man

关 键 词：芒果园 生草减肥措施 氮磷流失 泥沙流失 养分利用 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]