四川省12县粮田土壤耕层结构和养分特征研究  

Topsoil structure and nutrient characteristics of grain fields in 12 counties of Sichuan province

作　　者：田效琴 李卓[1,2,3] 刘永红 景勇 唐佳[5] TIAN Xiao-qin;LI Zhuo;LIU Yong-hong;JING Yong;TANG Jia(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of South China,Chengdu 610066,China;Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Santai County,Mianyang,Sichuan 621100,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [2]南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [3]粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [4]四川省农业科学院,成都610066 [5]三台县农业农村局,四川绵阳621100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第10期2224-2230,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展项目(2020ZYD029);四川省农业科学院现代农业学科建设推进工程项目(2021XKJS007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究四川粮田土壤耕层结构和养分特征,旨在发展该省可持续农业。【方法】选取四川玉米体系6个示范县和院地合作6个重点县共180个具有代表性的样点进行调查采样,分析其土壤耕层深度、容重和养分特征,并将其与2008年我国17个省的土壤耕层深度、容重和2005年四川18个国家试点县的土壤养分进行对比,分析该省土壤耕层结构现状和近20年该省土壤养分变化特征。【结果】调查区粮田土壤耕层深度平均17 cm,与2008年我国平均土壤耕层深度(16.5 cm)相比略微上升,但仍低于农田耕作层最低标准(25 cm)。5~10 cm深度的土壤容重平均为1.39 g/cm^(3),与2008年我国土壤平均容重(1.39 g/cm^(3))相当,略高于2008年西南及南方土壤平均容重(1.37 g/cm^(3)),高于粮田土壤适宜的容重范围(1.10~1.30 g/cm^(3));20~25和35~40 cm深度的土壤平均容重分别为1.58和1.61 g/cm^(3),非常坚硬。此外,调查的大部分区县有机质、全氮等级较低,主要集中在三、四级,其它各养分处于中等偏上水平(三级以上)。与2005年四川18个国家试点县的土壤养分相比,近20年该省土壤综合肥力水平有所提高,主要体现在有效磷和速效钾上,分别提高1.38和1.30倍,从第三级和第四级提高到第二级。【结论】四川粮田土壤依然存在耕层浅,结构紧实,有机质及全氮、全磷、全钾含量水平不高的问题。本研究为四川粮田制定改土培肥的精准策略及科技攻关途径提供科学依据。【Objective】To develop sustainable agriculture in Sichuan,the study on the topsoil structure and nutrient characteristics of grain fields in Sichuan was carried out.【Method】A total of 180 representative sample sites were selected from 6 demonstration counties in Sichuan maize system and 6 key counties in institute-level cooperation for investigation and sampling,and their soil topsoil depth,bulk density and nutrient characteristics were analyzed,which were also compared with the soil topsoil depth,bulk density of 17 provinces in China in 2008 and the soil nutrient of 18 national pilot counties in Sichuan in 2005 to analyze the current situation of topsoil structure and the characteristics of soil nutrient changes in the past 20 years in Sichuan.【Result】The average topsoil depth of grain field in the survey area was 17 cm,slightly higher than that of China in 2008(16.5 cm),but still below the minimum standard of farmland topsoil(25 cm).The average soil bulk density at 5-10 cm was 1.39 g/cm^(3),which was equivalent to that in China in 2008(1.39 g/cm^(3)),slightly higher than that in the southwest and south of China in 2008(1.37 g/cm^(3)),and higher than the suitable bulk density range of grain field soil(1.10-1.30 g/cm^(3)).The average soil bulk density at 20-25 and 35-40 cm was 1.58 and 1.61g/cm^(3),respectively,which was very hard.In addition,most of the districts and counties surveyed had low levels of organic matter and total nitrogen,which were mainly concentrated in the third and fourth levels,while other nutrients were above the middle level(above the third level).Compared with the soil nutrients of 18 national pilot counties in Sichuan in 2005,the comprehensive soil fertility level of the province's had improved in the past 20 years,mainly reflected in the available phosphorus and available potassium,increased by 1.38 and 1.30 times respectively,from the third and fourth levels to the second level.【Conclusion】Shallow topsoil,compact structure,and low organic matter and total nitrogen,total ph

关 键 词：土壤耕层 养分特征 容重 四川粮田 

分 类 号：S159.2[农业科学—土壤学]