辽东湾入海河流水质时空变化与污染物来源分析  

Spatial-temporal variation of water quality and pollutant source analysis in rivers along Liaodong Bay

作　　者：吴光红[1] 邱梦璇 李建玲 罗维[2] Wu Guanghong;Qiu Mengxuan;Li Jianing;Luo Wei(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心固体废弃物处理与资源化实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《海洋学报》2023年第9期177-188,共12页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571479)。

摘　　要：基于辽东湾入海河流120个监测断面(含16个入海断面)的水质数据,采用主成分分析-多元线性回归模型等方法,研究其有机物、营养盐和重金属等的污染特征和入海通量,并分析其可能来源。结果表明,水质超标指标主要是高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、氨氮(AN)浓度、总磷(TP)浓度和总氮(TN)浓度,其他指标符合I类地表水水质标准。TN/TP比值较高,严重偏离Redfield比值,陆源高含量氮和低含量磷的输入是造成渤海海水TN/TP升高的主要因素。非汛期的溶解氧(DO)浓度、电导率(EC)、AN浓度和TN浓度显著高于汛期,而非汛期的pH、浊度、COD_(Mn)和TP浓度显著低于汛期。2021年河口有机物和营养盐浓度受河流穿行农业区等因素的影响,重金属浓度则与域内工业企业分布有关。TN、TP、化学需氧量(COD)、AN和石油类年入海通量分别为3.63×10^(4) t、1 608.5 t、14.8×10^(4) t、3 086.6 t和221.9 t,Hg、Cd、Pb、As和Cr^(6+)分别为0.264 t、0.253 t、1.978 t、20.434 t和31.651 t。研究区主要的污染源按照其贡献大小依次为生活污水和工业废水、水动力条件等水文因素所致的污染源、水-气界面物质交换及二次转化源和农田地表径流与交通运输产生的非点源。Based on the dataset of 120 water quality monitoring sites(including 16 coastal sites)in rivers along Liaodong Bay,the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR)model was used to study the pollution characteristics and flux of organic matter,nutrients and heavy metals,and analyze their possible sources.The pollutants exceeding the first grade of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water were CODMn,AN concentration.TP concentration and TN concentration,and other water quality parameters met the standard.The TN/TP ratios were high and seriously deviated from the Redfield ratio.The input of high N and low P load from terrestrial sources was the main factor causing the increase of TN/TP in Bohai Sea.DO concentration,EC,AN concentration and TN concentration in non-flood season increased significantly than in flood season,while pH,turbidity,CODMn and TP concentration in non-flood season decreased significantly than in flood season.The concentrations of organic matter and nutrients in estuaries were affected by factors such as the agricultural areas that rivers flowed,while the concentrations of heavy metals were related to the distribution of industrial enterprises in the region.The annual fluxes of TN,TP,COD,AN and petroleum pollutant into Liaodong Bay were 3.63×10^(4) t,1608.5 t,14.8×10^(4) t,3086.6 t and 221.9 t,respectively,and the fluxes of Hg,Cd,Pb,As and Cr^(6+)were 0.264 t,0.253 t,1.978 t,20.434 t and 31.651 t,respectively.According to their contribution,the main pollution sources were domestic sewage and industrial wastewater,sources caused by hydrological factors(hydrodynamic conditions,etc.),water-gas interface pollutants exchange and secondary sources,non-point sources of farmland runoff and transportation.

关 键 词：水质 来源分析 PCA-MLR模型 入海通量 辽东湾 

分 类 号：P734.21[天文地球—海洋化学]