连作和轮作大豆菌核病发生情况调查  

Investigation on the Occurrence of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum of Soybean in Continuous Cropping and Rotation

作　　者：曲志鹏 周新宇 刘宁 董守坤[1] Qu Zhipeng;Zhou Xinyu;Liu Ning;Dong Shoukun(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Harbin Binxian Xinhai Soybean Planting Professional Cooperative,Harbin 150400,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]哈尔滨市宾县鑫海大豆种植专业合作社,哈尔滨150400

出　　处：《大豆科技》2023年第6期31-35,共5页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-02A);黑龙江省自然基金项目(LH2021C023)。

摘　　要：菌核病为大豆连作的主要病害之一,连作大豆花期易感染。文章以喜海3号为试验材料,对连作和轮作地块大豆菌核病发生情况进行调查。结果表明,连作大豆感染菌核病后株高、节数、有效荚数、百粒重和产量降低,无效荚数增多。其中株高与节数分别下降12.5%和10.6%,大豆减产36.0%,百粒重降低9.8%,有效荚数减少34.5%,无效荚数增加844.8%。连作地块菌核病平均发病率为45.2%,轮作地块未感染大豆菌核病。连作条件下大豆感染菌核病几率增加,减产严重,在生产中应避免大豆连作且应对染病地块进行有效防治,减少对大豆产量影响。Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was one of the main diseases in soybean continuous cropping,especially during the flowering period when soybean was most susceptible to infection.The article used Xihai 3 as the experimental material to investigate the occurrence of sclerotinia sclerotiorum of soybean in continuous cropping and rotation plots.The results showed that after being infected with sclerotinia sclerotiorum,the plant height,number of nodes,number of effective pods,100 grain weight,and yield of continuous cropping soybeans decreased,while the number of ineffective pods increased.The plant height and number of nodes decreased by 12.5%and 10.6%,respectively,the yield of soybean decreased by 36.0%,the weight of 100 seeds decreased by 9.8%,the number of effective pods decreased by 34.5%,and the number of ineffective pods increased by 844.8%.The average incidence rate of sclerotinia disease in continuous cropping plots was 45.2%,and the rotation plots were not infected with soybean sclerotinia disease.Under continuous cropping conditions,the probability of soybean infection with sclerotinia sclerotiorum increased and the yield was severely reduced.Continuous cropping of soybean should be avoided in production,and effective prevention and control measures should be taken for infected plots to reduce the impact on soybean yield.

关 键 词：大豆 连作 轮作 菌核病 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]