无人机低空高光谱系统及应用研究  

UAV low‑Altitude Infrared Hyperspectral System and its Application Research

作　　者：刘洪成[1] 叶发旺[1] 谭宏婕 鲁纳川 张川[1] LIU Hongcheng;YE Fawang;TAN Hongjie;LU Nachuan;ZHANG Chuan(bNational Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information and Image Analysis Technology Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2023年第4期1009-1019,共11页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：第四代铀矿勘查关键技术研究与示范(第一阶段)项目:“新型关键勘查技术装备研制”(编号:遥SD03-03)资助。

摘　　要：航空高光谱遥感技术在地质勘查中发挥了重要作用。近年来,无人机低空高光谱遥感数据以高空间分辨率和高性价比的优势在区域地质勘查工作中的应用获得了快速发展。利用透射式光栅分光技术研制具有较小体积和重量的短波红外成像光谱仪。开发成像光谱仪与高精度惯导同步触发技术,实现影像数据与外方位元素的同步获取,在此基础上完成了与电源管理系统、稳定平台和无人机的系统集成。在新疆雪米斯坦地区开展了试验应用,获取的地面靶标的光谱曲线与ASD光谱仪地面准同步实测相比具有较高的吻合度,典型特征吸收峰位置偏差均在1个像元以内。基于无人机低空高光谱影像进行矿物填图,与同一地区SASI航空高光谱矿物填图结果对比分析。结果表明:无人机低空高光谱影像空间分辨率较高,识别出的矿物种类更加丰富,且根据蚀变矿物特征吸收峰位置的细微差别,可以将一些矿物更进一步细分,实现围岩蚀变等成矿要素信息更高精准识别。Aerial hyperspectral remote sensing technology has played an important role in geological exploration,due to the precise and efficient identification of ore⁃forming elements such as minerals,lithology,and structures.In recent years,the use of low altitude hyperspectral remote sensing data from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)in regional geological exploration has rapidly expanded due to its strong flexibility,high spatial resolution,and cost⁃effectiveness.This article first adopted the image telecentric design method to carry out the optical design of the imaging objective lens and developed a splitting system using a transmission grating prism splitting method.Then,the system is adjusted to create a compact and lightweight short⁃wave infrared imaging spectrometer.After conducting indoor imaging verification,the root mean square of the diffuse spot radius in the entire band and field of view is less than half a pixel,and the MTF value is greater than 0.85.It has a high light transmission efficiency,minimal spectral distortion,and excellent imaging effect,which can fulfill the demands of hyperspectral imaging.Based on this,complete system integration was conducted with a power management system,stable platform,and unmanned aerial vehicle.Experimental applications were carried out in the Xuemisitan region of Xinjiang.After applying radiation correction and geometric correction processing,the spectral curves of the ground target obtained showed a high level agreement with the ASD spectra of quasi⁃synchronous ground measurement.The typical deviation in the position of absorption peaks in the spectral characteristics was within 1 pixel,indicating the accuracy and reliability of the spectrum.Mineral mapping was conducted using a spectral matching method based on low⁃altitude hyperspectral images captured by a drone.The results were then compared with the mineral mapping results obtained from airborne SASI hyperspectral imaging in the same region.The results showed that the extracted minerals from the two hypersp

关 键 词：低空高光谱遥感 透射式光栅 光谱畸变 高精度惯导 同步触发 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P619.14[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]