微生物酸胁迫耐受性能强化的研究进展  

Research Advances in the Enhancement of Microbial Tolerance to Acid Stress

作　　者：胡锦超 沈文琦 徐超业 樊雅祺 卢浩宇 蒋雯杰 李世龙 晋洪晨 骆健美[1] 王敏[1] HU Jin-chao;SHEN Wen-qi;XU Chao-ye;FAN Ya-qi;LU Hao-yu;JIANG Wen-jie;LI Shi-long;JIN Hong-chen;LUO Jian-mei;WANG Min(Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology(Tianjin University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control,College of Biotechnology,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457)

机构地区：[1]工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室(天津科技大学)天津市工业微生物重点实验室,天津市微生物代谢与发酵过程控制技术工程中心,天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第11期137-149,共13页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270135,21978220)。

摘　　要：微生物在发酵生产中常面临各种酸性物质的累积,由此造成的酸胁迫严重抑制了菌株的发酵活力和生产性能。因此,微生物在长期进化过程中,通过协调胞内的多个生理系统、代谢途径和调控网络形成了复杂的响应机制以应对低pH胁迫。工业微生物酸胁迫耐受性能的强化是提高其生产效率的关键手段。本文概述了近年来利用适应性实验室进化、预适应、基因组重排、基因工程、全局转录机制工程、系统生物学和合成生物学等方法提高微生物耐酸性能的研究进展,并讨论了相关研究面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。Microorganisms are often exposed to accumulation of various acidic substances during the fermentation process,which can seriously inhibit fermentation activity and production performance of the strains.Therefore,microorganisms have formed complex response mechanisms for the adaptation of low pH stress by coordinating cellular multiple physiological systems,metabolic pathways and regulatory network during the long-term evolution.The acid tolerance enhancement of the industrial microorganisms is a key way to improve its production efficiency.This review summarizes the recent research advances in the improvement on cell resistance to acids by the adaptive laboratory evolution,pre-adaptation,genome shuffling,genetic engineering,the global transcription machinery engineering,system biology and synthetic biology.The challenges and outlook of the relevant research are also discussed.

关 键 词：微生物 酸胁迫 耐受性强化 菌株改造 基因线路 

分 类 号：Q935[生物学—微生物学]