炼油厂裂解装置冷换设备不锈钢封头开裂原因分析  

Cause analysis of stainless steel head crackingin cold exchanger of cracking unit in refinery

作　　者：宁飞升 NING Feisheng(Petrochemical Engineering Quality Supervision Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]石油化工工程质量监督总站,北京100029

出　　处：《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2023年第6期43-48,共6页Corrosion & Protection In Petrochemical Industry

基　　金：中国石化科技开发项目“高含硫天然气净化装置换热设备安全高效长周期运行技术研究”(318023-12)。

摘　　要：某炼油厂裂解装置冷换设备不锈钢封头发生开裂,通过残余应力测试、渗透检测、测厚、硬度测定、化学成分分析、氢含量测定、拉伸试验、冲击试验、金相分析、断口分析、能谱分析和断裂韧性试验等方法对发生开裂的封头进行了综合分析。结果表明:造成封头开裂的主要原因是封头的直边段在制造成型过程中出现严重的材质脆化现象;投用前的封头存在陈旧性裂纹,在冷换设备运行过程中,在残余应力和工作载荷共同作用下,裂纹快速扩展,形成穿透性裂纹,使材料发生脆性断裂,最终导致封头发生泄漏。In view of the cracking of stainless steel head in cold exchanger of cracking unit in a refinery,the cracked head was fully analyzed by means of residual stress testing,penetration testing,thickness measurement,hardness measurement,chemical composition analysis,hydrogen content measurement,tensile testing,impact testing,metallographic analysis,fracture analysis,energy spectrum analysis and fracture toughness testing.The findings showed that severe material embrittlement occurred during manufacturing process of the head straight section.Under the combined action of residual stress and working load,old cracks of the head undergo rapid crack expansion during the operation of cold exchanger;penetrating cracks and material embrittlement were caused,ultimately leading to leakage of the head.

关 键 词：裂解装置 冷换设备 不锈钢封头 材质脆化 残余应力 断裂韧性 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]