中国5个人群的牙齿形态特征对比研究  

Study on the Dental Morphology Traits in Five Chinese Populations and their Relationship

作　　者：祝海歌 乔辉 杨晨[1] 张航 文少卿 夏斌[2] 谭婧泽[1] ZHU Haige;QIAO Hui;YANG Chen;ZHANG Hang;WEN Shaoqing;XIA Bin;TAN Jingze(Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology of Ministry of Education,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,National Center of Stomatology,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [2]北京大学口腔医学院儿童口腔科,国家口腔医学中心,北京100081 [3]复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期765-774,I0002,共11页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271186,31771325);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目(91631105)。

摘　　要：牙齿形态特征具有高度遗传性,在不同地理人群中差异显著。本研究对汉族、回族、蒙古族、苗族和维吾尔族的26项牙齿形态特征进行调查分析,探讨5个人群在牙齿形态特征上的差异并据此构建群体关系。研究发现铲形门齿(SUI1)、双铲形门齿(DSUI1)、远中副嵴(DARUC)、次尖(C4UM2)、第5尖(C5UM1)、舌侧齿尖变异(PVLP1)、四尖型(C4LM2)、下次小尖(C5LM2)、转向皱纹(DWLM1)、十型沟纹(GP十LM1、GP十LM2)等特征在5个人群中差异最大,汉族的铲形门齿、双铲形门齿、远中副嵴和转向皱纹出现率较高;回族和蒙古族的舌侧齿尖变异相对偏高;苗族的十型沟纹和第5尖的出现率最高;维吾尔族的下颌四尖型高频是区别于其他4个人群的主要牙齿特征。多重对应分析揭示汉族和维吾尔族之间的关系最密切,蒙古族与回族、苗族之间的关系最近。本研究结果不仅为探讨中国各人群的起源与演化及人群间关系等问题提供理论依据,还将为今后探索人群的牙齿复杂遗传结构提供重要的牙齿人类学参考数据。The human dental morphology traits are highly heritable and show significant differences in different geographic populations.In this study,we investigated and analyzed 26 dental morphology traits of Han,Hui,Mongolian,Miao,and Uygur populations in order to discuss their population difference and relationships.Our study found that the greatest difference traits among them were Shoveling(SUI1),Double-Shoveling(DSUI1),Distal Accessory Ridge(DARUC),Hypocone(C4UM2),Cusp 5(C5UM1),Lingual Cusp Variation(PVLP1),Cusp 4(C4LM2),Hypoconulid(C5LM2),Deflecting Wrinkle(DWLM1),and十-Groove(GP十LM1、GP十LM2).The occurance rate of Shoveling,Double-Shoveling,Distal Accessory Wrinkle,and Deflecting Wrinkle were relatively high in Han.The multiple lingual cusps were relatively high in Hui and Mongolian.MCA plot showed that the relationship between Han and Uyghur was closer,while the relationship between Mongolian,Hui,and Miao was closer.Our results not only provide a theoretical basis for the discussion of the origin and evolution of different populations in China and their relationship,but also provide important reference data for dental anthropology to explore the complex genetic structure of human teeth in the future.

关 键 词：牙齿形态特征 汉族 少数民族 群体关系 多重对应分析 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]