汉族高姓父系人群的群体遗传分析与族源探究  

Population Genetics and Ethnic Origin of Surname Gao Clans in Han Chinese

作　　者：周娟娟 高路加 蒙海亮 陶驿辰 杜盼新 李辉 ZHOU Juanjuan;GAO Lujia;MENG Hailiang;TAO Yichen;DU Panxin;LI Hui(MOE Key Lab of Contemporary Anthropology,School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Sino-French College of Tourism,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006,China;Fudan-Datong Institute of Chinese Origin,Datong Shanxi 037006,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [2]广州大学中法旅游学院,广东广州510006 [3]复旦大学-大同市中华民族寻根工程研究院,山西大同037006

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期775-785,795,I0002,共13页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：“丝路人类学”一带一路国际合作实验室(18490750300);国家自然科学基金(91731303,31671297)。

摘　　要：姓氏与Y染色体都基本遵循父系遗传规律,通过研究同姓氏群体的Y染色体遗传标记可直接探索姓氏家族的起源。中国大部分姓氏群体还缺乏研究,例如南北朝时期的民族融合过程中影响颇大的高姓。本研究对中国18个省市的175个高姓男性个体唾液DNA进行PCR扩增,统计分析了Y染色体单核苷酸多态(SNP)与短串联重复序列(STR)的等位基因频率及单倍群频率。基因分型发现单倍群O2a-M324(61.83%)、O1b-M268(14.51%)、N-M231(9.16%)、C2-M217(5.34%)、O1a-M119(4.58%)为高姓常见类型,通过与汉族人群的对比发现单倍群常见类型一致,并未保留大量少数民族融入成分。通过与分属于不同语系和语族的人群进行主成分分析和多维尺度分析,表明高姓人群与汉族自然人群无显著差异,没有表现出Y染色体单倍群聚集性,也否定了高姓主体人群的少数民族起源说。但对高姓中北方民族特色单倍群O1b2-M176、C2b1a1a1a-M407、R1a1a-M198、R1b1a1a-M73的共祖时间估算显示北方少数民族在距今1000~2000年间有一个集中的迁入融合,与南北朝时期的民族融合事件吻合。Both surnames and Y chromosomes follow the paternal inheritance in the most of the time,therefore,origins of surname clans can be directly traced by Y chromosome genetic markers.However,genetic structures of most surname clans in China have never been investigated,such as Gao surname,which played an important role during the ethnic integration in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.In this study,saliva DNA of 175 male individuals within Gao clans from 18 provinces in China were genotyped.Allele frequencies and haplogroup frequencies of Y chromosome SNPs and STRs were calculated.Haplogroups O2a-M324(61.83%),O1b-M268(14.51%),N-M231(9.16%),C2-M217(5.34%),and O1a-M119(4.58%)were the top five high frequent haplogroups in the Gao clans.The common types of haplogroups in the Gao clans are consistent with those in the Han population,and there is no large proportion of ethnic minority contribution in the present Gao clans.Principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis did not show significant genetic difference between the Gao clans and the common Han population,or an aggregation of the Y chromosome haplogroup,denying the ethnic minority origin of the majority population of Gao surname.In the meantime,the haplogroup divergence age estimates of the northern ethnic characteristic O1b2-M176,C2b1a1a1a-M407,R1a1a-M198,and R1b1a1a-M73 among Gao samples revealed a concentrated integration of northern minorities between one and two millennia ago,which is consistent with the national fusion event in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

关 键 词：姓氏 群体遗传学 Y染色体 单核苷酸多态 短串联重复序列 

分 类 号：Q98[生物学—人类学]