设施滴灌土壤水分调控对水果萝卜生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Soil Water Regulation on Growth and Yield of Fruit Radish under Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse

作　　者：陈柯 刘文欣 冯棣 祝海燕[1] 张敬敏[1] 桑晓明 丁发强 孙小桉 CHEN Ke;LIU Wenxin;FENG Di;ZHU Haiyan;ZHANG Jingmin;SANG Xiaoming;DING Faqiang;SUN Xiaoan(Weifang University of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Facilities Horticulture of Universities in Shandong Province,Shouguang 262700,China;Shouguang Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Shouguang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊科技学院/山东省高校设施园艺重点实验室,山东寿光262700 [2]寿光市农业农村局,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第12期22-27,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME154);潍坊科技学院校级课题(2022XJSK06)。

摘　　要：【目的】探寻设施秋茬水果萝卜高产高效滴灌灌溉制度。【方法】以“冰淇淋”水果萝卜为供试对象,基于田间试验设置了5个灌溉下限土壤基质势阈值,分别为-10 kPa(T1)、-20 kPa(T2)、-30 kPa(T3)、-40 kPa(T4)、-50 kPa(T5),灌水定额均为10 mm,研究不同灌溉下限对水果萝卜生长、产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响。【结果】随着灌溉下限土壤基质势阈值的降低,萝卜的叶面积、叶鲜质量以及肉质根的直径、根长、根体积和根质量均呈下降趋势,其中在各处理间根长差异不显著,T3、T4、T5处理下其余指标均显著低于T1处理,而T1处理和T2处理之间仅叶面积差异显著。与T1处理相比,T2—T5处理产量分别降低2.2%、29.9%、37.3%、44.0%。与T1处理相比,T2处理的IWUE增加了17.3%,而T3—T5处理降低了4.1%~6.6%。随着灌溉下限土壤基质势阈值的降低,萝卜可溶性固形物量呈先增加后降低的趋势,T2处理可溶性固形物量最大;Vc量呈增加趋势,T5处理Vc量最大。【结论】综上所述,控制灌溉下限土壤基质势阈值为-20 kPa、且灌水定额为10 mm时,设施水果萝卜可以在获得高产的同时大幅提高IWUE。【Objective】The fruit radish is a cash crop commonly cultivated in greenhouses in central and northern China.This study aims to determine the most effective drip irrigation schedule to enhance its yield while simultaneously increasing water use efficiency.【Method】The cultivar“Ice Cream”was used as the model plant.The irrigation was based on soil matric potential measured at the depth of 20 cm in that whenever it dropped to-10(T1),-20(T2),-30(T3),-40(T4)or-50 kPa(T5),we irrigated the crops by 10 mm of water.In each treatment,we measured the growth,yield and quality,as well as irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of the crop.【Result】The total irrigation amount for T1-T5 decreased from 120 to 70 mm.Reducing the soil matric potential threshold for irrigation resulted in reductions in area and fresh weight of leaves,root diameter and length,and weight of the radish,albeit the reduction in root length was not significant.Compared with T1,T2—T5 increased the yield by 2.2%to 44.0%,T2 increased IWUE by 17.3%,and T3—T5 reduced IWUE by 4.1%to 6.6%.With the decrease in the soil matric potential threshold,the soluble solid content and electrical conductivity of the radish both increased first followed by a decline,the soluble solid content peaked in T2 and Vc content increased monotonically.【Conclusion】Setting soil matric potential at depth of 20 cm at-20 kPa as the threshold and the irrigating 10 mm of water each time is optimal for improving the yield and IWUE of greenhouse fruit radish.

关 键 词：灌溉制度 滴灌 萝卜 产量 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业工程]