错位滴头的3条毛管高频灌溉对棉田盐分的影响及节水效果  

An Innovated Drip Irrigation Technique for Improving Water Use Efficiency and Increasing Salt Leaching from Cotton Fields

作　　者：董文明[1,2] 孟丽君 韩思敏 阿亚库孜·塔力达吾汗 穆哈西 DONG Wenming;MENG Lijun;HAN Simin;A Yakuzi·TA Lidawuhan;MU Haxi(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第12期140-148,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3236130344);大学生创新项目(dxscx2023399)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对新疆降水稀少、蒸发量大,干旱缺水,土壤盐碱化蔓延,改良盐碱地用水量大等问题,通过室内外试验进行对比研究,提出节水改良盐碱地的新技术。【方法】以滴灌条件下盐分积累在湿润体边缘的规律为依据,将现有的滴灌改为错位滴头的3条毛管,确定3条毛管的间距、滴水规则、灌水定额及洗盐定额等参数,研究湿润体盐分的运移过程。【结果】在土壤性质及水质不变的条件下,对错位滴头的3条毛管采用滞后滴水的方法,灌水6次之后湿润体内取土检测盐分,探究棉花根区盐分的变化过程。湿润体水平距为40 cm处的垂线盐分从105.21 g/kg降到49.015 g/kg,该方法可扩大根区湿润体的脱盐范围,与滴灌相比可永久性节约每年3次的压盐水量。【结论】棉花根区的脱盐范围随灌水次数的增多而逐步扩大,脱盐范围的大小与土壤体积质量、灌水方法、次数、滴水规律、土壤盐分、水源的盐分及灌水周期有关。【Objective】Soil salinization is one of many factors faced by cotton production in Xinjiang.Improving irrigation is one way to mitigate their detrimental impact.In this paper,we present an innovative drip irrigation system to ameliorate the effect of soil salinization and conserve water resources.【Method】The proposed method was based on that under drip irrigation,salt accumulates in the periphery of the wetted zone around the drip emitters.We reconfigured the conventional drip irrigation system into a system consisting of three-capillary tubes with staggered emitters.Parameters,including spacing between the capillary tubes,drip layout patterns,irrigation amount,and salt leaching were determined experimentally to elucidate its efficacy on salt migration in the wetted zones.【Result】Keeping soil properties and water quality consistent,we implemented the staggered delivery of water through the system in a cotton field.After six rounds of irrigation,soil samples were collected from the wetted zone to assess salt content in it.The vertical salt content distribution at a location 40 cm from the wetted zone decreased from 105.21 g/kg to 49.015 g/kg.This means that the proposed system effectively increased the desalination of the root zone and resulted in a reduction in annual saltwater usage by three times per year,compared with conventional drip irrigation.【Conclusion】The expansion of the desalination zone in the root zone is contingent on factors such as soil bulk density,irrigation method,frequency,drip patterns,soil salinity,irrigation water salinity,and irrigation cycles.As irrigation rounds increase,the desalination range grows.The method hence offers a promising strategy for managing saline-alkali lands while in the meantime optimizing water use efficiency.

关 键 词：错位滴头的3条毛管 滞后滴水 棉花根区 洗盐定额 降低盐分节约水量 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]