豫东农田耕层土壤盐分运移特征及影响因素分析  

Migration of Salt in Plough Layer and Its Determinants in Farmlands in Eastern Henan Province

作　　者：任文 丁大伟[1,2,3] 刘安能 陈金平[1,2] 雍蓓蓓 刘春成[1] 郭成士 张志新 谢坤[1,2] 李中阳 REN Wen;DING Dawei;LIU Anneng;CHEN Jinping;YONG Beibei;LIU Chuncheng;GUO Chengshi;ZHANG Zhixin;XIE Kun;LI Zhongyang(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Shangqiu/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station,Shangqiu 476000,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/国家农业环境商丘观测实验站/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测商丘试验站,河南商丘476000 [3]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [4]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第12期172-180,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);中国农科院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目(Y2022LM29);国家农业环境商丘观测实验站(NAES038AE05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2023-18);河南省科技攻关项目(232102320332)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究农田生态系统耕层土壤盐分运移特征及其与水环境关系。【方法】于2010—2020年对河南商丘固定区域内农田生态系统土壤、浅层地下水及流动地表水盐分特征进行观测,采用描述性统计及Piper图分析方法,研究观测区域中土壤及水体盐分特征长期变化规律及内在联系。【结果】降水量增加是引发耕层土壤(0~20 cm)盐分离子升高的重要原因。耕层土壤电导率最大值通常出现在10—11月,其与8月降水量的线性拟合效果最佳(拟合式为y=0.7943x+126.65,R2为0.6313,P<0.05)。2020年耕层土壤(0~20 cm)、浅层土壤(0~100 cm)及浅层地下水中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)及土壤电导率显著高于2015年(P<0.05)。同时,2020年耕层土壤浸出液、浅层地下水及流动地表水水化学类型表现出高度相似性,表明耕层土壤与水体可溶性盐离子存在密切联系。【结论】豫东地区典型农田生态系统降水量、地下水位与10月的耕层及浅层土壤电导率表现为正向关系,且耕层土壤是水体可溶性盐离子的重要来源。【Objective】Soil salinization due to shallow groundwater table is a main abiotic stress facing agricultural production in eastern Henan province.In this paper we analyze the migration of salt in the plough layer and its relationship with geochemistry of both surface water and groundwater at different seasons.【Method】The experiment was conducted in areas adjacent to the National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu.We measured salt content,depth of groundwater table,as well as surface water runoff from 2010 to 2020.The relationship between salt content and these environmental factors was calculated using the descriptive statistics and Piper figure analysis method.【Result】The increased salt content in the top 0~20 cm soil layer was mainly induced by the increased precipitation.The maximum electric conductivity of the topsoil layer occurred between October and November,but it is linearly correlated to precipitation in August(y=0.7943x+126.65,R^(2)=0.6313,P<0.05).The content of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+,)Na^(+),HCO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-)and electric conductivity of water in the topsoil layer and the 0~100 cm soil layer,as well as depth of the shallow groundwater table in 2020 was significantly higher than those in 2015(P<0.05).We also found that the leachate from the topsoil was geochemically similar to that of the shallow groundwater and the surface runoff in 2020,indicating that the soluble salt in the topsoil was related to both surface water and subsurface water.【Conclusion】The electric conductivity of water in the topsoil layer and the 0~100 cm-depth soil layer in October was both positively correlated to precipitation and the depth of the groundwater table,suggesting that salt in the topsoil was hydraulically connected to soluble salt in the surface water and the subsurface water.

关 键 词：盐分迁移 土壤可溶性盐 土壤电导率 耕层土壤 水环境 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]