不同氮素形态配比对烟草青枯病发生及土壤细菌群落的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen form ratios on the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt and soil bacterial community

作　　者：宝童曦 高正锋 徐丝 李先伟 黄荣斌 邹应啟 周庆兰 吕敏 白羽祥 吕芬[1] BAO Tong-xi;GAO Zheng-feng;XU Si;LI Xian-wei;HUANG Rong-bin;ZOU Ying-qi;ZHOU Qing-lan;LYU Min;BAI Yu-xiang;LYU Fen(College of Tobacco,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第8期2207-2217,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160517);贵州省烟草公司重点研发项目(2021XM15)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同氮素形态配比与烟草青枯病发生、烟株根际土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落之间的关系,筛选出关键微生物及土壤因子,为烟草青枯病防治和氮肥合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】以往年烟草青枯病严重发生地块为试验地,设计5个不同氮素形态配比及常规对照(CK)处理,调查不同硝态氮与铵态氮配比处理的烟草青枯病发生情况;收集不同硝态氮与铵态氮配比处理烟株的根际土壤,测定土壤理化性质;采用16S rDNA测序技术,探究不同硝态氮与铵态氮配比下烟草青枯病发生及根际土壤细菌群落结构的差异。【结果】与CK处理相比,硝态氮与铵态氮以1∶1配合施用时有效降低了烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数,同时提高了烟叶的SPAD值,而当硝态氮与铵态氮以7∶3配合施用时,土壤细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度增加。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果表明,不同氮素形态配比对土壤细菌群落有显著影响(P<0.05,下同)。在门分类水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是较占优势的土壤细菌门;在属分类水平上,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)是最优势的土壤细菌属,其次是鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、Candidatus_Udaeobacter、苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)。冗余分析和Pearson分析结果表明,土壤有机质(SOM)、速效钾(AK)和硝态氮(NO-N)是影响土壤细菌群落发生变化的主要理化因子。【结论】不同氮素形态配比可影响烟草青枯病的发生以及土壤细菌群落的多样性和物种组成。硝态氮与铵态氮以1∶1配比为最优处理,可有效降低烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数,提高土壤中芽孢杆菌属和黄杆菌属的相对丰度。适当增加硝态氮比例有利于土壤健康微生态的构建。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between different nitrogen form ratios and the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt,the physical and chemical properties of tobacco rhizosphere soil and soil bacterial communities,and to screen out the key microorganisms and soil factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizers.【Method】Using plots with severe occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt in previous years as experimental plots,five different nitrogen form ratios and conventional control(CK)treatments were designed to investigate the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt in different treatments with different nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratios.The physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil were determined by collecting the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants treated with different nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratios.Using 16S rDNA sequencing technology,the differences in the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt and the bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil under different nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratios were investigated.【Result】Compared with CK treatment,when nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were applied in combination at a ratio of 1∶1,the morbidity and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt were effectively reduced,and the SPAD value of tobacco leaf was increased.When nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were applied in combination at a ratio of 7∶3,the abundance and evenness of soil bacterial community were increased.The results of PCoA analysis indicated that different nitrogen form ratios had significant effects on soil bacterial communities(P<0.05,the same below).At the phyla classification level,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the most dominant soil bacteria phyla.At the genus classification level,Bacillus was the most dominant genus of soil bacteria,followed by Sphingomonas.,Candidatus_Udae

关 键 词：硝态氮 铵态氮 烟草青枯病 土壤 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]