纳米钾肥对桃幼苗生长和桃树叶片生理特性的影响  

Effects of nano-potassium fertilizer on peach seedling growth and physiological characteristics of peach tree leaves

作　　者：李曼 张东梅 黄雪 刘军伟 朱凯杰 李国怀[1] LI Man;ZHANG Dong-mei;HUANG Xue;LIU Jun-wei;ZHU Kai-jie;LI Guo-huai(College of Horticultural and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University/National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院/果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第8期2360-2368,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家桃产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究新型肥料纳米钾肥对桃幼苗生长和成年桃树叶片生理特性等的影响,为纳米肥料在桃树栽培上的应用提供理论指导。【方法】以毛桃幼苗和春美成年桃树为试材,比较纳米钾肥与3种传统肥料(硫酸钾、水溶肥和复合肥)对幼苗生物量、根系形态、光合性能及成年树叶片生理特性等的影响。【结果】在桃幼苗上,除纳米钾肥与硫酸钾肥在株高、地下部鲜重及根系形态指标上无显著差异(P>0.05,下同)外,纳米钾肥均能比其他处理显著增加株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶表面积及地上、地下部干(鲜)重和根系各项形态指标(P<0.05,下同)。同时,纳米钾肥能显著提高桃幼苗叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量及光系统Ⅱ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)。在成年桃树上,与硫酸钾肥相比,纳米钾肥显著提高叶片的总叶绿素、可溶性糖、匀浆蛋白和脯氨酸含量,增幅分别达30.2%、48.6%、40.4%和33.6%;同时显著提高桃果实单果重,增幅达17.5%。水溶肥和复合肥对成年桃树叶片和果实的影响与纳米钾肥的效果相当,无显著差异。【结论】综合形态和生理指标,相比传统钾肥,纳米钾肥可不同程度地促进桃幼苗地上部和地下部的生长,提高幼年和成年桃树叶片叶绿素含量和光合性能,促进树体营养生长和果实生长,未来有望作为一种新型肥料在桃树实际生产中推广应用。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of nano-potassium fertilizer on the growth of peach seedlings and the physiological characteristics of adult peach tree leaves,and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of nano-fertilizers in peachtree cultivation.【Method】Using Prunus persica Batsch seedlings and Chunmei adult peach trees as test materials,the effects of nano-potassium fertilizers and three traditional fertilizers(potassium sulfate,soluble fertilizer and compound fertilizer)on seedling biomass,root morphology,photosynthetic performance,and physiological characteristics of adult tree leaves were compared.【Result】On peach seedlings,except that there was no significant difference(P>0.05,the same below)between nano-potassium fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer in plant height,underground fresh weight and root morphology indicators,nano-potassium fertilizer could significantly increase plant height,stem diameter,the number of leaves,leaf surface area,dry(fresh)weight of aboveground and underground parts,and root system morphological indicators compared with other fertilizer treatments(P<0.05,the same below).Meanwhile,nano-potassium fertilizer also significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and the maximum quantum yield of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm)in the leaves of peach seedlings.On adult peach trees,compared with potassium sulfate fertilizer,nano-potassium fertilizer significantly increased the contents of total chlorophyll,soluble sugar,homogenate protein and proline in leaves by 30.2%,48.6%,40.4%and 33.6%respectively.The single fruit weight of peach fruits was significantly increased by 17.5%.The effects of soluble fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the leaves and fruits of adult peach trees were similar to those of nano-potassium fertilizer without reaching significant difference.【Conclusion】Comprehensive considering morphological and physiological indicators,compared with traditional potassium fertilizer

关 键 词：桃 纳米钾 施肥 幼苗生长 叶片生理特性 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]