杂草管理方式对李园及其邻近天然林土壤真菌生态功能的影响  

Effects of weed management methods on the ecological function of soil fungi in plum orchards and adjacent natural forests

作　　者：罗昌国[1] 袁启凤[1] 陈守一[1] 田晓慧 LUO Chang-guo;YUAN Qi-feng;CHEN Shou-yi;TIAN Xiao-hui(Institute of Pomology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第8期2369-2378,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y028号,黔科合支撑〔2019〕2265号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索李园杂草管理对土壤真菌多样性的影响,为土壤健康管理提供参考。【方法】以贵州省安顺市紫云县自然生草、人工生草、除草剂除草李园及邻近天然槲栎次生林的土壤为研究对象,提取土壤真菌DNA,对其ITS基因进行扩增和高通量测序,分析真菌种类的构成、相对丰度、多样性、生态功能类别等。【结果】不同杂草管理李园和天然林土壤的可操作分类单元(OTU)在420~1039个,真菌种类共计14门、51纲、127目、260科、492属,天然槲栎次生林土壤的OTU数量不到李园土壤的一半。4个处理土壤均主要以担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为主;与天然林相比,李园土壤的担子菌门减少,子囊菌门增加,其中人工生草李园土壤的变化幅度较小、分别为36.79%和32.85%。天然林土壤的红菇属(Russula)占据绝对优势,相对丰度达54.44%。李园不同类型土壤的第一优势属为沙蜥属(Saitozyma),相对丰度为14.54%~38.11%,其中人工生草李园优势较为明显。此外,人工生草李园土壤中梳霉门(Kickxellomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的相对丰度较其他类型高。多样性分析结果显示,天然林与其他李园土壤间α多样性差异极显著(P<0.01,下同);不同杂草管理方式中,人工生草与自然生草的Simpson指数差异极显著。FUNGuild分析显示,天然林土壤以外生菌根真菌占绝对优势,而李园土壤以腐生真菌和未知真菌为主。【结论】李园人工生草(光叶紫花苕)有利于优势属沙蜥属及低丰度的梳霉门和球囊菌门菌群建立。不同杂草管理方式的李园仅有少量丛枝菌根真菌(球囊菌门),缺少占绝对优势的有益真菌,有益真菌在李树的运用上还有较大的提升空间。优势种类的结构导致不同处理真菌群在生态功能上存在差异。【Objective】To explore impacts of weed management in plum orchards on soil fungal diversity to provide reference for soil health management.【Method】In Ziyun County of Anshun City,Guizhou Province,soil of natural growing grass and planted grass in plum orchards,soil with herbicide in plum orchards,and soil of adjacent natural Quercus aliena secondary forests were selected as research objects.Then soil fungal DNA was extracted from the soils and its ITS genes were amplified and sequenced with high-throughput sequencing to analyze the composition,relative abundance,diversity and ecological function categories of fungal species.【Result】The number of operational taxonomic unit(OTU)of soil in plum orchards and adjacent natural forests under different weed management methods ranged from 420 to 1039.Fungal categories included 14 phyla,51 classes,127 orders,260 families and 492 genera.The number of OTU of soil in natural Q.aliena secondary forests was less than half of that of soil in plum orchards.Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were main fungi in the four treatmentss of soils.Compared with natural forests,Basidiomycota in plum orchards decreased,while Ascomycota increased.And the changing range of soil of planted grass in plum orchards was small,which were 36.79%and 32.85%respectively.Russula in the soil of natural forests occupied absolute advantages,with relative abundance reaching 54.44%.Saitozyma was the first dominant genus in different types of soils in plum orchards,with relative abun-dance ranging from 14.54%to 38.11%.The advantage of planted grass in plum orchards was obvious.In addition,the relative abundance of Kickxellomycota and Glomeromycota in the soil of planted grass in plum orchards was higher than that of other types.The diversity analysis showed that differences ofαdiversity among soil in natural forests and other soils in plum orchards were extremely significant(P<0.01,the same below).Under different weed management methods,the differences of Simpson index between planted grass and natural

关 键 词：杂草管理方式 土壤微生物 生态功能菌群 天然林 菌根真菌 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学] S154.36[农业科学—园艺学]