规制专利非实施主体的正当性判断及检验  

Falsification of Non-Practicing Entity Problem and its Verification

作　　者：边仁君 Bian Renjun

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第6期1616-1635,共20页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：规制专利非实施主体的研究不在少数,但应予规制的理论正当性和现实必要性等问题一直没有得到妥善解决。定性上讲,专利非实施主体是一个伪命题,是低质量专利的替罪羊。非实施主体的身份与损害专利激励机制和降低社会福利的客观后果之间并不具备当然的因果关系,规制的正当性基础实则建立在日趋严重的低质量专利问题以及通过主体身份规制低质量专利的高经济效率之上。定量上讲,专利非实施主体仍然是一个伪命题。与沉疴积弊的美国相比,我国司法实践中的低质量专利问题较为温和,尚无需以非实施主体作为切入点以求改善。然而,现行救济规则呈现出明显的补偿过度倾向,极易导致非实施主体和低质量专利问题恶化,还会带来鼓励侵权、阻碍创新等一系列问题,故应予修正。There has been a great amount of studies on NPEs,but the problems on how to justify their regulations,both theoretically and practically,have not been properly resolved.From a normative perspective,there is no causal relationship between the entity status of the NPEs and undermining patent incentives and reducing social welfare.Its justification is based on the increasingly serious problem of low-quality patents and the high economic efficiency of regulating low-quality patents through the NPEs.From an empirical perspective,low-quality patents in China are relatively rare.There is no need to improve patent quality through regulating the NPEs'behaviors.However,the current remedial rules show an obvious tendency of overcompensation,which are highly likely to lead to the explosion of the NPEs and low-quality patents and thus should be amended.

关 键 词：专利 NPE 汉德公式 实证分析 专利质量 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]