袁宗道情念论及其诗学话语新体系  

From Will to Thinking:Yuan Zongdao's Theory of Emotional Thinking and His New System of Poetical Discourse

作　　者：李瑞卿 Li Ruiqing(Research Institute of Chinese Culture,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学中华文化研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2023年第6期80-90,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：袁宗道精研性命之学,直接问性于良知,于情念的穷之又穷中,抵达“直”性、生理。袁宗道重建了性、心、情念关系,在随感辄应的情念之基础上,通过“知”的过程树立心性本体与自我。他在触物遇境之际来阐释“心”为何物,并以唯识论来阐释“心之管则思”的认知机理,认为“真心”与“我”的出现依赖于根尘之虚妄的消解与本体实相的显露,从而树立了新的理本体与新的意识结构。基于此,袁宗道有“从学生理,从理生文”之论,其内容包括“器识”为范型的认知与审美方式以及“辞达此理”的语言论。袁宗道论证了普遍存在的理,创构了超越天地秩序的新自我,在诗学上已然突破借助易学理路构建新思的王、李之学,带来了诗学话语体系的重大变革,完成了从意到念的意象论转向。Yuan Zongdao(袁宗道)intensively engaged himself in the study on the nature of human life(性命之学),from the intuitive knowledge(良知)of human nature and the exhaustion of emotional thinking(情念),to the inherent nature(直性)of human beings and the truth of life(生理).He found that human nature was neither good nor evil,and reestablished the relationships among human nature,mind(心)and emotional thinking.On the basis of the emotional thinking with response along with feeling(随感应),he established the subject of mind(心性本体)and self(自我)through the process of"knowledge"(知).He explained what"mind"was when people contacted an object or encountered a situation(触物遇境之际),and also explained the cognitive mechanism in which"the management of mind led to thinking"with Cittamatra(唯识论).He believed that the emergence of"true mind"(真心)and"self"(我)depended on dissolving the illusions of what people perceived with(根)and what were perceived by people(尘),and on revealing the realities of the subject(本体实相),thus establishing a new subject of truth(理本体)and a new structure of consciousness.Based on this,Yuan held the view of"obtaining the truth from learning,and naturally producing articles from the truth"(从学生理,从理生文),which included a cognitive mode and an aesthetic mode with"capability and judgment"(器识)as the model,and also a linguistic view that"clear and proper expressions can reach the truth"(辞达此理).Yuan demonstrated the universally-existing truth and created a new self that transcended the order of heaven and earth.He made a breakthrough in Wang Yangming's(王阳明)and Li Zhi's(李赞)poetics,which constructed new ideas by way of Yiology(易学),brought about a significant change in the discourse system of poetics,and completed the transformation of imagerytheory(意象论)fromwill(意)tothinking(念).

关 键 词：随感辄应 破除意识 命题图像 新意象论 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]