氚基同位素电池设计优化及其电学性能的提升  

Design optimization and electrical performance improvement of tritium-based nuclear batteries

作　　者：应红[1,2] 施海宁 梁冬冬[3] 许志恒 龚频 汤晓斌[3] YING Hong;SHI Haining;LIANG Dongdong;XU Zhiheng;GONG Pin;TANG Xiaobin(Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Suzhou 215004,China;National Engineering Research Center for Nuclear Power Plant Safety&Reliability,Suzhou 215004,China;Department of Nuclear Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州热工研究院有限公司,苏州215004 [2]国家核电厂安全及可靠性工程技术研究中心,苏州215004 [3]南京航空航天大学核科学与技术系,南京211106

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2023年第6期87-97,共11页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12005101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(NT2023013);江苏省卓越博士后计划(2022ZB235)资助。

摘　　要：采用蒙特卡罗方法开展了氚基同位素电池在辐致伏特效应和辐致光伏效应两种不同能量转换模式下的性能研究。探讨了换能材料的几何物理参数对电池电学输出性能的影响,设计制备了单层和叠层两类氚基同位素电池,测试分析了增大氚源强度、采用叠层构型两种方式对电池电学输出的提升效果。模拟结果表明:Si、SiC、GaAs光伏组件均可用于辐致伏特效应氚基同位素电池换能,且存在各自最佳厚度参数,使得电池电学输出性能达到最优,分别为3.8μm、2.2μm、1.7μm;对于辐致光伏效应氚基同位素电池,可通过调整ZnS∶Cu荧光层的厚度,使出射的荧光辐照度达到最大,进而优化电池电学输出性能。结果提示,增大氚源强度、采用叠层构型均可实现氚基同位素电池最大输出功率等电学参数的有效提升,其中并联叠层的最大输出功率可达到106.138 nW,相比于单层构型增幅超过64%。The performance of tritium-based nuclear batteries based on two different energy conversion modes,the irradiated voltaic effect and irradiated photovoltaic effect,was studied by using the Monte Carlo method.The influence of the geometrical-physical parameters of energy conversion materials on the electrical output performance of batteries wais investigated.Single-layer and stacked-layer tritium-based nuclear batteries were designed and prepared.The effects of increasing the tritium source intensity and adopting the stacked-layer configuration on the enhancement of the electrical output of the batteries were analyzed.The simulation results showed that Si,SiC,and GaAs photovoltaic modules could be used for irradiated voltaic effect tritium-based nuclear batteries and that their respective optimal thickness parameters allow the electrical output performance to be optimized;the optimal thicknesses were 3.8μm,2.2μm,and 1.7μm,respectively.For irradiated photovoltaic effect tritium-based nuclear batteries,the thickness of the ZnS:Cu fluorescent layer could be adjusted to maximize the emitted fluorescence irradiance and optimized the electrical output performance.The experimental results showed that increasing the radiation intensity of the tritium source and adopting the stacked-layer configuration could effectively enhance electrical parameters such as the maximum output power of tritium-based nuclear batteries.The maximum output power of the stacked-layer nuclear battery could reach 106.138 nW,which was an increase of more than 64%compared with that of the single-layer configuration.

关 键 词：同位素电池 氚 蒙特卡罗方法 辐致伏特效应 辐致光伏效应 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]