等效同位素热源设计制备及其性能测试  

Design and preparation of an equivalent radioisotope heat source and its performance test

作　　者：王宏宇[1] 许志恒[1,2] 王继宇 刘世超 陆宏波[3] 李欣益[3] 刘云鹏[1,2] 汤晓斌[1,2] WANG Hongyu;XU Zhiheng;WANG Jiyu;LIU Shichao;LU Hongbo;LI Xinyi;LIU Yunpeng;TANG Xiaobin(Department of Nuclear Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application and Radiation Protection in Astronautics,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing 211106,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Power,Shanghai Institute of Space Power-sources,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学核科学与技术系,南京211106 [2]空间核技术应用与辐射防护工业和信息化部重点实验室,南京211106 [3]上海空间电源研究所空间电源国家重点实验室,上海200245

出　　处：《核技术》2023年第12期91-98,共8页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：上海航天科技创新项目(No.SAST2020-097);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划(No.KYCX21_0205)资助。

摘　　要：通用热源(General-Purpose Heat Source,GPHS)是同位素温差电池(Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators,RTG)中应用最成熟的热源模块,在同位素电源的研制与测试过程中,GPHS是电加热模拟热源等效性的关键参考。为满足同位素电源系统非核单元等效性测试与验证的需求,基于GPHS的各项实际性能参数,设计并仿制了一种电加热模拟热源。基于仿真计算与实验测试结果,分析评价了仿GPHS模拟热源的热输出特性、等效替代性及其在不同应用场景下的运行效果。当输入功率为250 W时,仿GPHS模拟热源表面平均温度可达515 K,且温度随功率变化的趋势与仿真结果相吻合。经实验测试,在250 W热源功率下,RTG模块的能量转化效率可提升至6%左右。本文提出并构建的仿GPHS模拟热源等效性良好,且可适用于同位素温差电池,对同位素电源的性能评价提供一种有效的、统一的参考标准。[Background]A general-purpose heat source(GPHS)is the most established heat source module for radioisotope thermoelectric generators(RTGs)and a key reference for the equivalence of electrically heated analog heat sources during the development and testing of radioisotope power supplies.[Purpose]The study aims to develop a highly efficient electric heating simulation heat source to meet the requirements for equivalent testing and verification of non-nuclear units of radioisotope power systems.[Methods]Firstly,an electrically heated analog heat source was designed and imitated based on various actual GPHS performance parameters.Based on the simulation calculations,the thermodynamic equivalent substitutability between the simulated heat source and real GPHS in terms of material and dimensional differences was evaluated.Then,the performance of its operation in different application scenarios was analyzed,and an optimized application environment was proposed.Finally,based on the experimental test results,the uniformity of the thermal output characteristics of the imitation GPHS-simulated heat source was compared with that of a real GPHS,and the practical application characteristics of the imitation GPHS in RTGs were also evaluated.[Results]At an input power of 250 W,the average surface temperature of the GPHS simulated heat source reaches 515 K.The temperature variation trend with power is consistent with that of the simulation results.Experimental test results show that the energy conversion efficiency of the RTG module is increased to~6% with a 250-W heat source power supply.[Conclusions]The proposed and constructed good equivalent simulated GPHS heat source with reference to the thermal properties of a real GPHS can be applied to RTGs and provides an effective and unified reference standard for the performance evaluation of radioisotope power sources.

关 键 词：放射性同位素 模拟热源 COMSOL仿真 通用热源 同位素温差电池 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]