河南省化肥施用时空分异及环境风险评价  

Spatial-temporal Differentiation and Environmental Risk Assessment of Fertilizer Application in Henan Province

作　　者：张志高[1] 刘晓涵 侯苏倩 舒馨月 王亲 郭超凡 ZHANG Zhigao;LIU Xiaohan;HOU Suqian;SHU Xinyue;WANG Qin;GUO Chaofan(School of Resources Environment and Tourism,Anyang Normal University,Anyang 455000,Henan China;Quzhou University,Quzhou 324000,Zhejiang China;Huayong Engineering Design Group,Ningbo 315171,Zhejiang China)

机构地区：[1]安阳师范学院资源环境与旅游学院,河南安阳455000 [2]衢州学院,浙江衢州324000 [3]华甬工程设计集团有限公司,浙江宁波315171

出　　处：《河南科学》2023年第12期1738-1745,共8页Henan Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102320024,232102321109);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022BJJ003);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师项目(2020GGJS188);安阳市科技发展计划项目资助(2022C01NY019,2021C01NY035)。

摘　　要：基于1993—2020年河南省耕地面积和化肥施用相关数据,采用数理统计方法对河南省化肥施用时空变化特征进行了分析,运用环境风险评价模型对化肥施用环境风险进行评估.结果表明:1993—2020年河南省化肥施用量和施用强度均呈先升后降趋势,2015年后开始波动下降,阶段性特征明显;28年来河南省氮、磷、钾肥施用比例由1∶0.44∶0.15逐步调整为2020年的1∶0.67∶0.55,氮肥比例递减,磷肥和钾肥比例稳步增长;2020年河南省化肥施用强度为862.36 kg/hm^(2),属于高度过量水平,河南省不同地区化肥施用强度差异相对较大,豫北化肥施用强度最高,豫南最低;2020年河南省总肥的环境风险指数值为0.77,属于重度风险等级,豫北的风险指数最高,豫南风险指数最小.2015年后河南省化肥施用开始下降,化肥增长趋势得到扭转,但河南省化肥风险指数仍属重度风险等级,未来仍需采取措施以实现减施增效.Based on the data of cultivated land area and chemical fertilizer application in Henan Province from 1993 to 2020,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of chemical fertilizer application in Henan Province were analyzed by using the mathematical statistics method,and the environmental risk assessment model was used to evaluate the environmental risk of chemical fertilizer application.The results showed that the application amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer in Henan Province increased first and then decreased from 1993 to 2020,and began to fluctuate and decrease after 2015,with obvious stage characteristics.In the past 28 years,the application ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Henan was gradually adjusted from 1∶0.44∶0.15 to 1∶0.67∶0.55 in 2020,the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer decreased,and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased steadily.In 2020,the intensity of chemical fertilizer application in Henan was 862.36 kg/hm^(2),which belonged to a high excess level.There were relatively large differences in the intensity of chemical fertilizer application in different regions of Henan,with the highest intensity of chemical fertilizer application in northern Henan and the lowest in southern Henan.The environmental risk index of total fertilizer in Henan in 2020 was 0.77,which belonged to severe risk level.The risk index in northern Henan was the highest,while that in southern Henan is the lowest.After 2015,the fertilizer application in Henan began to decline,and the growth trend of fertilizer was reversed.However,the fertilizer risk index in Henan was still at a severe risk level,and measures should be taken to reduce fertilizer application and increase efficiency in the future.

关 键 词：化肥施用强度 时空分异 环境风险 河南省 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]