社会阶层、相对收入对家庭生育数量的影响  

The Influence of Social Class and Relative Income on Family Fertility

作　　者：米瑞华[1] 严梦 倪世龙 MI Ruihua;YAN Meng;NI Shilong(School of Economics and Management,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学经济与管理学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《人口与社会》2023年第6期97-108,共12页Population and Society

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(21BRK033);陕西省软科学项目(2021KRM169);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2020F005)。

摘　　要：在少子化趋势和社会阶层感知日益明显的背景下,厘清社会阶层与相对收入对家庭生育数量的影响,对于实现人口高质量发展具有重要意义。基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2021年数据,使用Ologit多元排序选择模型实证检验社会阶层和相对收入对家庭生育数量的影响。研究发现:(1)相对收入水平对家庭生育数量的挤出效应总体显著,但社会阶层对家庭生育数量的挤出效应尚不能得到证实。(2)相对收入对家庭生育数量的挤出效应在我国东部地区最为显著,具有明显的区域异质性和复杂性。(3)阶层、相对收入对我国家庭生育数量的影响机制在于,家庭对“优质”育儿资源的投资挤压了家庭的实际养育能力;与此同时,年轻人也往往面临“提升自己”和“培养孩子”的艰难抉择,加剧了阶层和相对收入对家庭生育数量的挤出效应。应缩小阶层和收入差距,推动实现共同富裕;应向家庭提供普惠型育儿资源和公共服务,推动育儿模式实现社会化、现代化转型。To clarify the influence of social class and relative income on family fertility under the background of the trend of fewer children and the increasingly obvious perception of social class,it is of great significance to realize the high-quality development of population.Based on the 2021 data of the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this paper uses the OLOGIT multiple ranking choice model to empirically examine the impact of social class and income gap on family fertility.The results show that:(1)the crowding-out effect of relative income on family fertility is significant in general,but the crowding-out effect of social class on family fertility can not be confirmed;(2)the crowding-out effect of relative income on family fertility is most obvious in the eastern part of China,which has obvious regional heterogeneity and complexity;(3)the mechanism by which social class and relative income affect family fertility is that the family s full investment in“high-quality”child-care resources has squeezed the family s actual parenting ability;meanwhile,young people also often face a difficult choice between“improving themselves”and“raising children”,the crowding-out effect of class and relative income on the number of family births is aggravated.It is necessary to narrow class and income gap,promote common prosperity,and supply the inclusive parenting resources and public services to promote the socialization and modernization of parenting models.

关 键 词：社会阶层 相对收入 生育数量 育儿资源 阶层固化 阶层跃迁 家庭养育 

分 类 号：C923[社会学—人口学]