弹性激励下多停车场共享泊位竞价有效权分配算法  

Allocation Algorithm of Bidding Validity Right for Shared Spaces of Multiple Parking Lots Under Flexible Incentives

作　　者：高良鹏 郑乐 简文良 马新卫 季彦婕[3] GAO Liang-peng;ZHENG Yue;JIAN Wen-liang;MA Xin-wei;JI Yan-jie(Transportation Research Institute,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350108,China;School of Modern Posts,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Transportation,Southeast University,Nanjing 210089,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学,交通运输研究所,福州350108 [2]南京邮电大学,现代邮政学院,南京210023 [3]东南大学,交通学院,南京210089 [4]同济大学,交通运输工程学院,上海201804 [5]河北工业大学,土木与交通学院,天津300401

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2023年第6期176-184,214,共10页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(2023M731778);中国博士后科学基金(2023M731778);福建省自然科学基金(2023J01946)。

摘　　要：为保障弹性停车激励机制运营效益,引入排队论中的多级库存管理模式,将多个停车场的停车泊位共享过程转化为竞价有效权在不同停车场间的周转传递过程,本文提出基于Jackson网络的泊位共享竞价有效权分配算法,通过将竞价有效权在各区域停车场的路由选择决策表征为初步判定与二次调整两个阶段,推导其分配过程中有效泊位数稳态分布解及其约束条件,并以美国加州大学伯克利分校为例,探究外部停车需求演化下各子区域停车场的最优分配结果。研究表明:基于Jackson网络的竞价有效权分配算法能使不同子区域停车场在联动运营共享停车政策时,根据外部停车需求与自有共享泊位计算最优的竞价有效权分配数。若各子区域共享泊位配置充足,竞价有效权将按照需求优先级分配予中心区域的停车场,使整体泊位占有率维持在[0.65,0.80]区间;随着泊位不断消耗,当各子区域停车场有效泊位数低于设定阈值时,竞价有效权在路由选择决策下将得到应急补充,使停车场的泊位占有率维持在[0.90,1.00]的高位区间,实现在避免共享泊位出现过饱和状态的同时,减少停车场因空置多余泊位所支付的额外成本。To improve the operational benefit of flexible parking incentive mechanism,this paper introduces the multilevel inventory management model in queuing theory,and transforms the process of shared parking space recovery in multiple parking lots into a turnover and transfer process of bidding validity right between various parking lots.An allocation algorithm of bidding validity right is also proposed based on the Jackson network.The steady-state distribution solution of the available parking space and its constraint conditions are derived by characterizing the route selection decision of each parking lot bidding validity right into preliminary determination stage and secondary adjustment stage.The case study was performed using the University of California,Berkeley Campus as an example.The study analyzes the optimal allocation of each sub-region parking lot under the evolution of external parking demand.The results show that the allocation algorithm of bidding validity right based on Jackson network could enable parking lots in different sub regions to calculate the optimal allocation number of bidding validity right based on the external parking demand and self-owned shared parking spaces when operating shared parking policies in linkage.If the allocation of shared parking spaces in all sub-regions is sufficient,the bidding validity rights would be allocated to the parking central area according to the demand priority,in order to maintain the overall occupancy rate of parking spaces in the range of 0.65 to 0.80.With the continuous occupation of parking spaces,when the number of available parking spaces in each parking lot is lower than the constraint threshold,the bidding validity right would be increased immediately under the route decision so that the occupancy rate of parking spaces in parking lot maintained in the range of 0.90 to 1.00.This method avoids the oversaturation of the shared parking space and reduces the additional cost caused by excessive vacancy parking spaces.

关 键 词：城市交通 竞价有效权 Jackson网络 共享停车 弹性激励 分配算法 

分 类 号：U12[交通运输工程]