托盘装载约束下带时间窗的配送车辆路径优化研究  

Distribution Routing Problem with Time Window Under Constraint of Pallet Loading

作　　者：刘永 岳志城[1,2] 王勇 LIU Yong;YUE Zhi-cheng;WANG Yong(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics Network,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学经济与管理学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学智能物流网络重庆市重点实验室,重庆400074

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2023年第6期262-273,295,共13页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目(2020BS62);重庆市博士直通车科研项目(CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0116);智能物流网络重庆市重点实验室开放基金(KLILN2023YB006)。

摘　　要：针对快递码放混乱等问题,本文引入可调节支撑结构高度的托盘作为装卸载体进行配送服务。首先,设计基于“砌墙”理论的托盘装载模式,提出托盘三维装载约束下配送车辆路径优化方案;其次,将装卸效率代入配送时间成本,构建平均车辆装载率最高和总成本最低的双目标优化模型;然后,结合托盘三维装载约束下配送车辆路径优化方案,设计托盘装载路径算法(Three-Dimensional Routing with Pallet,3DRP),并利用LN(LOH&NEE)三维装载算例进行验证,得到68.2%的装载率,验证了其在快递配送问题中的有效性;最后,本文对重庆市某快递公司的配送数据进行实例验证,方案最终结果显示,本文方法可以做到平均车辆装载率83.02%,且部分路径可以做到0时间惩罚成本。通过本文方案与传统三维装载方案的对比分析可知,将托盘作为载体进行快递三维装箱的优化可以兼顾车辆高装载率,并节约97.5%的时间惩罚成本,提高车辆利用率。To address issues such as chaotic delivery,this paper introduces pallets with adjustable support structure heights as carriers for loading and unloading in delivery services.Firstly,we design a pallet loading scheme inspired by the"wall building"theory and propose a route optimization strategy for delivery vehicles considering the constraint of three-dimensional pallet loading.We then formulate a two-objective optimization model that seeks for the highest average vehicle loading rate and the lowest total cost,which substitute the loading efficiency into the time cost.A solution algorithm,called 3DRP(Three-Dimensional Routing with Pallet),is designed,which combines the route optimization strategy with the constraint of three-dimensional pallet loading.To verify the effectiveness of our method,we test it on the LOH&NEE three-dimensional loading example,achieving a loading rate of 68.2%.Moreover,we validate our method using data from an express company in Chongqing,which shows that our method can achieve an average vehicle loading rate of 83.02%with no time penalty costs on some routes.By comparing our proposed method with the traditional 3D loading scheme,we conclude that the optimization of three-dimensional packing of express can balance the high loading rate of vehicles,reduce time and penalty costs by 97.5%,and improve vehicle utilization.

关 键 词：物流工程 路径优化 托盘装载路径算法 车辆装载率 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]