基于COⅠ基因的5种新疆土著鱼类DNA条形码鉴定及聚类分析  

DNA barcode identification and clustering analysis of five indigenous fishesspecies from Xinjiang based on CO Ⅰ gene

作　　者：强壮 赵年桦 张旦旦 秦凯瑞 聂竹兰[1] 李立伟 钟馨 胡仁云 QIANG Zhuang;ZHAO Nianhua;ZHANG Dandan;QIN Kairui;NIE Zhulan;LI Liwei;ZHONG Xin;HU Renyun(College of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Wuhan Zhongke Ruihua Ecological Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430000)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]武汉中科瑞华生态科技股份有限公司,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2023年第4期16-25,共10页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：塔里木大学校长基金创新研究团队项目“南疆裂腹鱼类种质资源与遗传育种创新研究团队”(TDZKCX202204);科技部重点专项“新疆重点湖泊大型水生生物群落调查”(2022xjkk150403)。

摘　　要：为探讨DNA条形码技术在新疆土著鱼类物种鉴定中的有效性并保护本土渔业重要种质资源,本研究采用DNA条形码技术对裂腹鱼亚科(Schizothoracinae)和高原鳅属(Triplophysa)鱼类进行COⅠ基因序列扩增,并与NCBI数据库进行序列比对,结合遗传距离和系统发育树进行物种鉴定分析。结果表明,33尾个体分属4属5种,其中有13个单倍体;COⅠ基因序列中(G+C) mol%值为46.7%,远小于(A+T) mol%值53.3%,表现出明显的反G偏倚,第三位密码子处的(G+C) mol%值为55.9%,远高于第一和第二密码子处的(G+C) mol%值,R值(转换/颠换)为2.10;种间平均遗传距离(11.55±0.95)%,为种内平均、遗传距离(0.14±0.10)%的43.8倍,远远大于Hebert所提出的“10倍法则”;系统发育树表明,裂腹鱼亚科和高原鳅属鱼类分为两支,其中,裂腹鱼亚科的塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothorax biddulphi)、宽口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax eurystomus)、扁吻鱼(Aspiorhynchus laticeps)、斑重唇鱼(Diptychus maculatus)的同种不同个体各自独立聚为一支,显示出明显的单系性;高原鳅属中的长身高原鳅(Triplophysa teunis)也独自立为一支,所有物种都被区分开。综上,基于COⅠ基因的DNA条形码技术可以有效鉴定新疆5种土著鱼类。To explore the effectiveness of DNA barcode technology in the identification of indigenous fish species in Xinjiang and protect important germplasm resources in local fisheries,this study used DNA barcode technology to amplify the COⅠgene sequence of Schizothoracinae and Triplophysa fish species,and compared it with the NCBI database.The species identification analysis was conducted by combining genetic distance and phylogenetic tree.The results showed that 33 individuals belonged to 4 genera and 5 species,including 13 haploids;The(G+C)mol%value in the COⅠgene sequence is much lower than the(A+T)mol%value of 46.7%,which is 53.3%.It shows a significant anti G bias.The(G+C)mol%value at the third codon is 55.9%,which is much higher than the(G+C)mol%value at the first and second codons,and the R value(conversion inversion)is 2.10;The average genetic distance between species(11.55±0.95)%is 43.8 times that of the intra species average and genetic distance(0.14±0.10)%,which is much greater than the“10 fold rule”proposed by Hebert;The phylogenetic tree shows that the subfamily Schizothorax biddulphi,Schizothorax eurystimus,Aspiorhynchus laticeps,and Diptychus maculatus of the subfamily Schizothorax biddulphi are divided into two branches,with different individuals of the same species independently aggregating into one branch,showing obvious monophyly;The long standing primitive loach(Triplophysa teunis)in the plateau loach genus also stands alone as a branch,and all species are distinguished.In summary,DNA barcode technology based on the COⅠgene can effectively identify five indigenous fish species in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：裂腹鱼属 DNA条形码 COⅠ基因 物种鉴定 遗传距离 

分 类 号：S965.3[农业科学—水产养殖]