从AlphaGo到ChatGPT:人工智能的伦理边界何在?  

From AlphaGo to ChatGPT:Where Are the Ethical Boundaries of Artificial Intelligence?

作　　者：唐代兴[1] TANG Daixing

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学伦理学研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第6期120-138,193,共20页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：审视目前如火如荼的AI研发及其应用能否获得应该的伦理边界以保证将对人类的威胁降到可控范围,可从对AlphaGo的讨论入手,呈现其前世Chinook和Deep Blue与今生ChatGPT:对AlphaGo前世的追溯,发现人的生成性发展是以算术方式展开,AI技术的生成性进化是以几何学方式展开;对AlphaGo今生的展现,揭示人的无限潜能的开发是绝对有限,AI技术自身潜力开发敞开无限可能性。总言之,贯通AlphaGo的前世和今生,AI技术从最初的模拟到迁移再到扩展而生成自建构、自创设工作原理和运行机制,获得人的特质并具备人的主体性能力。在这种状况下,设计人工智能机的伦理边界已不可能,确立人工智能应用和再研发的伦理边界虽有可能性,但也面临研发和应用的公开化和透明化何以可能的实际困难;但更为困难的方面,却是技术专家或研究者、企业以及一些国家的政府能否真正克制本能的贪婪,并达成共识去解构利益、权力、垄断、争霸等理念,避免人工智能的发展走向野蛮的暴虐。On March 14,2023,OpenAI released ChatGPT-4.On March 22,the future of life institute published an open letter co-signed by 1127 tech leaders and researchers in the AI field,titled“A Call to Pause Mega AI Labs”,which openly addressed the uncontrolled competition in AI technology development and highlighted the risk of losing control over our civilization.Given the situation of AI,can its development and application obtain appropriate ethical boundaries to ensure that the threat to humans is minimized?This can be explored by examining AlphaGo,looking back at its past with Chinook and Deep Blue,and its present with ChatGPT and AlphaFold.In tracing the history of AlphaGo,we find that human generative development unfolds arithmetically,while AI technology’s generative evolution unfolds geometrically.In examining AlphaGo’s present,we reveal that the development of human infinite potential is absolutely limited,while AI technology’s potential development opens up unlimited possibilities.In short,through the past and present of AlphaGo,AI technology has evolved from initial simulation to transfer and expansion,generating self-constructing and selfcreating mechanisms,attaining human-like qualities and subjectivity.Under these circumstances,designing ethical boundaries for artificial intelligence is no longer possible.Although establishing ethical boundaries for AI applications and further research is possible,it faces environmental and human-made challenges,as well as the question of how to achieve openness and transparency in research and application.The more difficult aspect,however,is whether technology experts,researchers,companies,and especially governments can truly restrain their innate greed and reach a consensus to deconstruct interests,power,monopolies,and the wild passions and stubborn brutality of competition.

关 键 词：生物工艺学技术 AlphaGo ChatGPT 生成 伦理边界 

分 类 号：N03[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]