红火蚁次适宜区本地蚂蚁群落研究——以昆明为例  

Influence of Solenopsis invicta on Local Ant Communities in Sub-suitable Areas--An Example in Kunming

作　　者：高舒桐 王思铭 张翔 沈丹[5] 卢志兴 陈又清 GAO Shu-tong;WANG Si-ming;ZHANG Xiang;SHEN Dan;LU Zhi-xing;CHEN You-qing(Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,Yunan,China;Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming650051,Yunnan,China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,云南昆明650224 [2]国家林业和草原局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]南京林业大学,江苏南京210037 [4]云南林业职业技术学院,云南昆明650051 [5]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第6期20-29,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2020SY028);国家自然科学基金(41701285)。

摘　　要：[目的]红火蚁入侵导致了严重的生态问题。温度是制约红火蚁入侵并发展的关键因素。本研究在云南省昆明市不同生境调查蚂蚁群落,旨在揭示红火蚁在次适宜区对本地蚂蚁群落的影响。[方法]于2021年6月和8月,选择云南省昆明市虹桥路和沙朗乡区域5种生境作为研究样地,采用陷阱法调查了不同样地蚂蚁群落,分析不同生境蚂蚁群落多样性、群落结构相似性以及本地蚂蚁群落与红火蚁发生情况关系。[结果]5种生境基于蚂蚁个体数的物种稀疏和预测曲线较平缓,抽样充分;5种生境中共采集蚂蚁2748头,隶属于4亚科19属34种,其中红火蚁1920头;桉树林中采集到红火蚁个体数最多(99.2%),其次为荒地(高红火蚁蚁巢密度HW 94.2%,低红火蚁蚁巢密度LW 90.7%),云南松次生林与荒地交错区最少(44.7%);云南松次生林中未采集到红火蚁;桉树林中仅采集到1种本地蚂蚁,荒地中分别采集到3种(HW)和7种(LW),交错区中采集到15种,云南松次生林中采集到18种;云南松次生林和交错区蚂蚁物种丰富度和Chao-1估计值显著高于桉树林,而二者优势度指数则显著低于桉树林;5种生境的蚂蚁群落结构相似性有显著差异,有红火蚁发生的生境的蚂蚁群落结构与云南松次生林不相似;红火蚁蚁巢密度与红火蚁工蚁多度、本地蚂蚁多度、物种丰富度无显著关联;随着红火蚁工蚁多度的增加,本地蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均呈显著线性下降。[结论]在昆明红火蚁次适宜区,红火蚁多发生于受干扰的开阔生境,特别是稀疏的桉树林,而很少入侵郁闭度高的生境;红火蚁入侵后导致本地蚂蚁群落多样性水平显著降低,改变蚂蚁群落结构;红火蚁入侵后,需要种群发展至较大规模才表现出种群数量优势,进而对本地蚂蚁产生显著影响;减少红火蚁适宜生境,对适宜生境加强巡查,及时对中大型蚁巢开展药剂治理将有利于降低红火蚁发[Objective]The invasion of Solenopsis invicta has caused serious ecological problems,and tem-perature is the key factor limiting the invasion and development of S.invicta.This study investigated the ant communities in different habitats in Kunming,Yunnan Province,to reveal the influence of S.invicta on local ant communities in sub-suitable areas.[Methods]In June and August 2021,based on five habitats in Hongqiao Road and Shalang,Kunming City,Yunnan Province,the ant communities in the different habit-ats were surveyed by pitfall traps,and the relationship between the local ant communities and the occur-rence of S.invicta was analyzed.[Results]The thinning and prediction curves based on the ant individu-als in five habitats were smooth and the sampling was sufficient;A total of 2748 ants were collected from 5 habitats,belonging to 4 subfamilies,19 genera and 34 species,of which 1920 were S.invicta;the indi-vidual number of S.invicta collected from eucalyptus forest was the highest(99.2%),followed by waste-land(HW 94.2%,LW 90.7%),and the ecotone between Pinus yunnanensis secondary forest and waste-land had the lowest number of S.invicta collected(44.7%);S.invicta was not collected in P.yunnanensis secondary forest.Only 1 species of native ants was collected in the eucalypt forest,3 species and 7 spe-cies were collected in the wasteland,and 15 species were collected in the ecotone.The species richness and Chao-1 estimate of ants in P.yunnanensis secondary forest and ecotone were significantly higher than those in eucalyptus forest,while the dominance index was significantly lower than that in eucalyptus forest.The similarity of ant community structure in five habitats was significantly different,and the ant com-munity structure in habitats where S.invicta occurred was not similar with that in P.yunnanensis second-ary forest;There was no significant correlation between nest density and abundance,local ant abundance and species richness of S.invicta.As the abundance of S.invicta increased,the species richness and abund

关 键 词：红火蚁 次适宜区 本地蚂蚁群落 适应对策 

分 类 号：S969.554.2[农业科学—水产养殖]