间伐套种对杉木人工林生长、干形形质和材种结构的影响  

Effects of Thinning and Interplanting on the Tree Growth, Stem-form Quality and Timber Structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata

作　　者：王书韧 郭利娜 白彦锋[1] 臧毅明 朱亚军 姜春前[1] WANG Shu-ren;GUO Li-na;BAI Yan-feng;ZANG Yi-ming;ZHU Ya-jun;JIANG Chun-qian(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Forestry Technology Extension Service Center of Qingyang Forestry Bureau,Anhui Province,Chizhou 247100,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]安徽省青阳县林业局林业技术推广服务中心,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第6期48-57,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“南方低山丘陵区山水林田湖草沙系统治理方案与集成示范(2022YFF1303005)”;国际合作研究项目“南方低山丘陵区森林恢复和可持续经营示范项目(2016P2-CAF)”。

摘　　要：[目的]分析间伐套种措施对杉木林木生长形质性状、空间利用能力和林分产量的影响,明确林分经营方向,为杉木人工纯林改造提供科学依据。[方法]对安徽省青阳县23 a林龄的杉木人工林设置3种间伐强度(Ⅰ:47%;Ⅱ:56%;Ⅲ:65%),林下套种2种阔叶树浙江楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)和檫木(Sassa-fras tzumu),并以未间伐套种的杉木人工纯林为对照(CK:0%间伐,保留密度1740株·hm^(-2)),探究不同间伐与阔叶树套种处理对杉木人工林的影响,并通过主成分分析法综合评价间伐与阔叶树套种对杉木生长的影响。[结果](1)间伐与阔叶树套种促进了杉木生长,Ⅲ处理的胸径、树高、单木材积、用材出材率均为最大,分别比CK增加了32.07%、21.60%、83.33%、6.77%(P<0.05);但高径比和胸高形数、小条木、小径材、薪材和废材的出材率均低于CK,分别降低了8.64%、3.70%、90.88%、41.47%、54.50%、5.71%。(2)间伐与阔叶树套种改变了杉木的空间利用能力,冠幅、冠长、冠长率、冠形率、树冠表面积和树冠体积均显著高于CK(P<0.05),分别提高了12.16%~31.00%、55.58%~61.24%、30.00%~40.00%、16.11%~44.94%、67.17%~95.86%、84.74%~146.63%。(3)间伐套种处理可以有效改善杉木人工林的生长特征,各处理的综合得分由高到低依次为Ⅲ(1.186)>Ⅱ(1.092)>Ⅰ(0.671)>CK(-0.709)。[结论]杉木人工林经营若以快速提升杉木人工林生长特征为目的,本研究中Ⅲ处理(65%间伐+套种阔叶树)是最佳处理措施。[Objective]To analyze the effects of thinning and interplanting measures on the growth traits,spatial use capacity and stand yield for providing a scientific basis for managing Chinese fir plantation.[Method]The response of Cunninghamia lanceolata stand quality to thinning and interplanting was ex-plored by comparing the pure forest of control treatment(CK:thinning intensity 0%,1740 trees left per hectare)with thinned forests(Ⅰ:47%;Ⅱ:56%;Ⅲ:65%)and replanted Phoebe chekiangensis and Sas-safras tzumu,and the improvement effect of thinning and interplanting on the growth of Chinese fir was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.[Result](1)Thinning and broadleaf trees in-terplanting promoted tree growth of Chinese fir.Forest had the highest DBH,tree height,individual tree volume,and timber yield under treatment III,which increased by 32.07%,21.60%,83.33%,and 6.77%re-spectively compared to CK(P<0.05).However,the height-diameter ratio,breast-height form factor,the yield of small strips,small diameter wood,fuelwood and waste wood were lower than CK,with a decrease of 8.64%,3.70%,90.88%,41.47%,54.50%and 5.71%respectively compared with CK.(2)The space use capacity of Chinese fir plantations changed significantly after thinning and broadleaf trees interplanting.The crown width,crown length,crown ratio,crown shape,canopy surface and canopy volume were all sig-nificantly higher than those of CK,with the growth rates of 12.16%~31.00%,55.58%~61.24%,30.00%~40.00%,16.11%~44.94%,67.17%~95.86%,84.74%~146.63%.(3)The thinning and inter-planting treatments can effectively improve the growth of Chinese fir.The comprehensive score in treat-ment III(1.186)was the highest,followed by II(1.092),I(0.671),and CK(-0.709).[Conclusion]If the Chinese fir plantation management is to rapidly improve the growth,treatment III(65%thinning and inter-planting broadleaf trees)is the best measure.

关 键 词：杉木经营 阔叶树套种 空间利用能力 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S753.5[农业科学—森林经理学]