从设立到并轨:农村低保的政策效应研究  

From Establishment to Integration:A Study of the Policy Effects of Rural Dibao

作　　者：刘璐婵 Liu Luchan(School of Sociology and Population Studies,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学社会与人口学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2023年第6期137-157,共21页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“就业优先战略背景下城市福利依赖群体就业激励机制研究”(23BGL242)。

摘　　要：在社会救助事业高质量发展阶段,进一步探索和评估农村低保的政策效应有助于编牢编密兜底保障安全网,加快推进城乡共同富裕进程。本文基于31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据构建多期双重差分模型,分别估计农村最低生活保障政策“设立”阶段与城乡低保标准“并轨”阶段的政策效应,发现农村低保政策的“设立”具有增收效应,政策的“并轨”已形成公平效应,而且增收与公平效应具有长达2至5年的时滞性。此外,“并轨”政策在经济发展水平偏低、第一产业占据产业结构主体、农村物价水平上涨较慢的地区更能体现公平效应。为推动农村地区社会救助事业的进一步发展,需加大农村地区民生保障力度,逐步提高农村贫困居民的保障水平,扩大农村地区困难群体增收渠道,辅助贫困农户改善生计模式,同时重点在经济落后地区、农业大省与生活成本偏低的地区探索实施城乡低保标准一体化,进一步形成城乡均衡的救助资源配置格局。In the era of high-quality social assistance development,a comprehensive evaluation of the policy eff ects of the rural Dibao(Minimum Livelihood Guarantee)scheme can contribute to building a robust safety net and accelerating the path to common prosperity in both urban and rural areas.This article,based on panel data from 31 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions,utilizes a timevarying diff erence-in-diff erence model to estimate the policy eff ects of rural Dibao during its initial introduction and subsequent urban-rural integration.The analysis reveals that the establishment of rural Dibao results in increased income,while the unification of urban and rural Dibao standards promotes fairness.Both eff ects are sustained for 2 to 5 years.Furthermore,urban-rural integration is particularly effective in promoting fairness in regions with lower economic development levels,a dominant primary sector in the industrial structure,and slower price increases.To further advance social assistance development in rural areas,it is essential to intensify eff orts in livelihood protection,gradually enhance the level of support for impoverished rural residents,expand income-enhancing opportunities for disadvantaged groups,and assist impoverished rural households in improving their livelihoods.Additionally,there is a need to explore the implementation of integrated urban-rural Dibao standards in economically underdeveloped areas,agricultural provinces,and regions with lower living costs.A balanced allocation of social assistance resources between urban and rural areas should also be a focus of policy eff orts.

关 键 词：农村低保 政策效应 城乡低保标准并轨 多期双重差分 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]