风味皇后杏李果实不同成熟度特性研究  

Study on the characteristics of different maturity of apricot plum Flavor Queen fruit

作　　者：王如月 罗莎莎 甄紫怡 吴嘉龙 徐业勇[4] 孙雅丽[4] 胡晓静 虎海防 WANG Ruyue;LUO Shasha;ZHEN Ziyi;WU Jialong;XU Yeyong;SUN Yali;HU Xiaojing;HU Haifang(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;National Long Term Scientific Research Base of Jiamu Fruit Science,Aksu 843100,Xinjiang,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830062,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆阿克苏843100 [3]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆林业科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830062

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第12期2865-2877,共13页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：2022年中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2022B15)。

摘　　要：为了解杏李不同成熟度判定方法和标准,以风味皇后杏李果实为试材,根据果实不同生长发育时期,以各项指标变化为依据构建其不同成熟度划分标准及方法。在风味皇后盛花期后第71天每隔3 d连续采摘并测量果实带皮硬度、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量等指标,试验于果实自然脱落时终止。结果表明:随着生长发育期的延长,带皮硬度、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量等指标呈显著规律性变化,综合分析各项指标,以带皮硬度、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量等指标为变量,以不同生长发育天数为观测变量进行聚类分析可知,聚类结果可分为5个等级成熟度,主成分分析可知,不同成熟度间品质差异较大,采用判别分析对聚类结果进行验证,结果表明,可通过聚类分析对风味皇后果实不同采收成熟度进行分级。对各指标贡献率进行筛选可知,通过测量带皮硬度、去皮硬度、固酸比和可溶性固形物含量等指标可达到评判区分风味皇后不同成熟度分级标准和方法的目的,并根据不同生产需求进而为判断适合鲜食、加工、贮藏、运输及远距离销售的成熟度提供理论依据。In order to understand the methods and standards for determining the different maturity of apricot plum,the Flavor Queen fruit of apricot plum was used as the test material.Based on the different growth and development stages of the fruit and the changes in various indicators,different maturity classification standards and methods for Flavor Queen were constructed.After the 71st day after the blooming period of Flavor Queen,continuously pick and measure indicators such as firmness with peel,firmness without peel,and soluble solid content every 3 days until the fruit naturally fell off.The results showed that with the extension of the growth and development period,indicators such as firmness with peel,firmness without peel,and soluble solid content showed significant regular changes.After comprehensive analysis of various indicators,using firmness with peel,firmness without peel,and soluble solid content as variables and different growth and development days of Flavor Queen as observation variables,cluster analysis showed that the clustering results could be divided into 5 levels of maturity.Principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in quality between different maturity levels,and discriminant analysis was used to validate the clustering results.The results showed that clustering analysis could be used to classify fruits with different harvest maturity levels.By screening the contribution rates of each indicator,it can be concluded that measuring indicators such as firmness with peel,firmness without peel,solid acid ratio,and soluble solid content can achieve the purpose of distinguishing different maturity grading standards and methods for Flavor Queen.Based on different production needs,theoretical basis can be provided to determine the maturity suitable for fresh food,processing,storage,transportation,and long-distance sales.

关 键 词：杏李 风味皇后 成熟度 聚类分析 主成分分析 等级划分 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]