不同生物填料构建零换水凡纳滨对虾养殖系统研究  

Study on the zero-water exchange Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture system constructed with different biological fillers

作　　者：袁光年 徐爱玲[1] 刘勇新 丁宁 周涛 宋志文[1] YUAN Guangnian;XU Ailing;LIU Yongxin;DING Ning;ZHOU Tao;SONG Zhiwen(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266525,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,青岛266525

出　　处：《青岛理工大学学报》2023年第6期99-107,130,共10页Journal of Qingdao University of Technology

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(公益性科技攻关类)(2018GSF117022)。

摘　　要：将预先挂膜的聚氨酯海绵、聚乙烯环、聚乙烯醇(PVA)球和丝瓜络填料内置凡纳滨对虾养殖池,分析养殖过程中无机氮浓度变化与填料生物膜细菌群落结构。结果显示,聚氨酯海绵和PVA球实验组总氨氮(TAN)浓度、亚硝氮(NO-2-N)浓度均值显著低于聚乙烯环和丝瓜络实验组,聚氨酯海绵和聚乙烯环实验组浊度均值显著低于PVA球和丝瓜络实验组,养殖后期丝瓜络填料分解引起水质波动较大。4组填料对虾存活率在61.7%~68.8%,丝瓜络和聚氨酯海绵实验组对虾均重显著高于聚乙烯环和PVA球实验组。聚氨酯海绵、PVA球和丝瓜络实验组中变形菌门为第一优势菌门,相对丰度为44.99%,56.54%和46.47%,聚氨酯海绵、PVA球中拟杆菌门为第二优势菌门,丝瓜络实验组中绿弯菌门为第二优势菌门;聚乙烯环实验组中浮霉菌门和变形菌门为优势菌门,相对丰度分别为38.14%,25.45%。PVA球和聚氨酯海绵实验组生物膜的细菌丰富度和多样性指数均高于丝瓜络和聚乙烯环实验组。4组填料硝化作用优势菌属均为亚硝化单胞菌属。The pre-filmed fillers of polyurethane sponges,polyethylene rings,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)balls and loofah are built in the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding pond,and the change of inorganic nitrogen concentration during the breeding process and the bacterial community structure of the filler biofilm are analyzed.The results showed that the average concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen(TAN)and nitrous nitrogen(NO-2-N)in the experimental groups of polyurethane sponge and PVA ball were significantly lower than those in the experimental groups of polyethylene ring and loofah,and the mean value of turbidity in the experimental groups of polyurethane sponge and polyethylene ring was significantly lower than that of the PVA ball and loofah groups.The decomposition of the loofah filler in the late breeding period caused large fluctuations in water quality.The shrimp growth results showed that the survival rate of shrimp in the four groups was between 61.7%and 68.8%.The average weight of shrimp was significantly greater in the experimental groups using loofah and polyurethane sponge,compared to the experimental groups using polyethylene rings and PVA balls.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that Proteobacteria was the first dominant phylum in the experimental groups of polyurethane sponge,PVA ball and loofah,with relative abundances of 44.99%,56.54%and 46.47%;Bacteroidetes is the second dominant phylum in the polyurethane sponge and PVA ball groups;Chloroflexi is the second dominant phylum in the loofah group;and Planctomycetota and Proteobacteria are the dominant phyla in the polyethylene ring group,with relative abundances of 38.14%and 25.45%respectively.The bacterial richness and diversity index of the biofilm in the groups of PVA ball and polyurethane sponge were higher than those in the loofah and polyethylene ring groups,which corresponded to the water purification effect.The dominant bacteria in the nitrification of the four groups of fillers are Nitrosomonas.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 生物膜填料 水质 细菌群落结构 高通量测序 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]