秋季三亚西岛海域营养盐状况分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of nutrients in the sea area of West Island of Sanya in autumn

作　　者：郑忠陆 韩玉 王昭允 石晓然 李霞 雒焕新 宋一阳 ZHENG Zhonglu;HAN Yu;WANG Zhaoyun;SHI Xiaoran;LI Xia;LUO Huanxin;SONG Yiyang(College of Marine Science and Technology,Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院海洋科学技术学院,崖州湾创新研究院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2023年第12期1699-1703,1709,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院开放课题(No.2022CXYKFKT11);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(No.420MS058);海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.422QN327);海南热带海洋学院博士研究生科研启动项目(No.RHDXB201622)。

摘　　要：于2021年10月(秋季)对三亚西岛海域进行了水质调查,分析了水体中营养盐分布及结构特征,利用富营养化指数和有机污染指数进行了评价。结果表明:西岛海域表层和底层水体中溶解氧(DO)质量浓度分别为7.43~9.74、7.35~7.60 mg/L;化学需氧量(COD)质量浓度分别为1.01~2.35、0.49~1.75 mg/L;溶解无机氮(DIN)质量浓度分别为0.113~0.190、0.118~0.201 mg/L,以硝酸盐氮为主,其次为氨氮;活性磷酸盐(DIP)质量浓度分别为0.012~0.022、0.011~0.042 mg/L;硅酸盐质量浓度分别为0.137~0.211、0.161~0.215 mg/L。整体上,西岛西部海域的营养盐高于东部海域。营养盐结构显示,大部分站位不受营养盐限制,少部分站位受硅酸盐限制。富营养化指数显示,表层和底层水体中贫营养站位占比分别为69.2%、88.9%,轻度富营养站位占比分别为30.8%、11.1%。有机污染指数显示,表层和底层水体中受到污染站位占比分别为69.2%、66.7%,轻度污染站位占比分别为30.8%、11.1%,中度污染站位占比分别为0、22.2%。西岛海域水质状况总体较好,但已开始受到污染,需加强监管,防止水质进一步恶化。Water quality in the sea area of West Island of Sanya was investigated in October(autumn)2021,the distribution and structure characteristics of nutrients in the water were analyzed,and the eutrophication index and organic pollution index were used to evaluate the water quality.Results showed that the mass concentrations of dissolved oxygen(DO)in surface and bottom water of West Island were 7.43-9.74 and 7.35-7.60 mg/L,and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were 1.01-2.35 and 0.49-1.75 mg/L,respectively.The mass concentrations of dissovled inorganic nitrogen(DIN)in surface and bottom water were 0.113-0.190 and 0.118-0.201 mg/L,respectively,which was domainated by nitrate nitrogen and followed by ammonia nitrogen.The mass concentrations of dissolved labile phosphate(DIP)in surface and bottom water were 0.012-0.022 and 0.011-0.042 mg/L,respectively.The mass concentrations of silicate in surface and bottom water were 0.137-0.211 and 0.161-0.215 mg/L,respectively.On the whole,the nutrients were higher in the western coastal than those in the eastern coastal.The nutrient structure showed that most stations were in an unrestricted state,except that a few stations were restricted by silicate.The eutrophication index showed that the proportion of poor eutrophication in the surface and bottom water was 69.2%and 88.9%,and that of mild eutrophication was 30.8%and 11.1%,respectively.The organic pollution index showed that the proportion of polluted state in the surface and bottom water was 69.2%and 66.7%,that of mild pollution was 30.8%and 11.1%,and that of moderate pollution was 0 and 22.2%,respectively.The water quality in the sea area of West Island was generally good,but it was beginning to be polluted,so it was necessary to strengthen supervision to prevent further deterioration of water quality.

关 键 词：三亚西岛 营养盐 富营养化指数 有机污染指数 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824