高层建筑外墙墙面脱落特征分析及防治措施研究  

Research on the analysis of characteristics of external wall surface detachment in high-rise building and its prevention and control measures

作　　者：许浒[1] 杨同越 赵仕兴 余志祥[1] 龙丹冰[1] XU Hu;YANG Tongyue;ZHAO Shixing;YU Zhixiang;LONG Danbing(School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Sichuan Architectural Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610095,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]四川省建筑设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610095

出　　处：《四川建筑科学研究》2023年第6期57-67,共11页Sichuan Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51808455);四川省建筑设计研究院有限公司课题(KYYN202231)。

摘　　要：随着城市规模不断扩大,高层建筑数量快速增长,同时高层建筑外墙墙面脱落造成人员伤亡和财产损失的案例屡见不鲜,给城市空间环境带来了巨大的安全隐患。为了研究高层建筑外墙墙面脱落的特征和规律,通过搜集国内近20年来上千起高层建筑外墙墙面脱落案例,统计分析了不同类型外墙墙面脱落的基本模式和主要影响因素,并对其病害形成机理和脱落致因进行了梳理。统计表明,高层建筑外墙墙面脱落会受地理位置、修建时间、使用时间和脱落季节等因素影响,其中,饰面层和外保温层分别在5~10年间和5年内发生脱落的比例最高,钉挂类饰面层的平均脱落面积最小且离散性较低,外保温层平均脱落面积最大且离散性大。此外,在对既有防治措施进行总结的基础上,进一步讨论了其他防治措施和未来重点研究方向,为避免因外墙墙面脱落而导致高坠事故的发生和保障高层建筑的安全运维提供参考。With the continuous expansion of the city scale,the number of high-rise buildings is growing rapidly.At the same time,the cases of casualties and property losses caused by the detachment accidents of the external wall surface from the high-rise buildings are common,which has brought huge safety risks to the urban space environment.In order to study the characteristics and rules of external wall surface detachment,more than one thousand domestic detachment cases of high-rise building external wall surface covering last 20 years were collected to analyze the basic patterns as well as the main influencing factors of different types of external wall surface,and the disease formation mechanism and detachment causes were also sorted out.Statistics shows that high-rise building external wall surface detachment can be affected by geographical location,construction time,using time and detachment season,among them,the finish coat and external thermal insulation composite systems(ETICS)in 5 to 10 years and 5 years respectively the highest proportion of detachment,curtain finish coat of the smallest and low dispersion,ETICS average detachment area is the largest and dispersion.In addition,on the basis of summarizing the existing prevention and control measures,other strategies and future key research directions were further discussed,so as to provide reference to avoid the occurrence of the high falling accident caused by the detachment of the external wall surface and ensure the safety operation and maintenance of high-rise buildings.

关 键 词：外墙墙面脱落 高坠事故 病害形成机理 防治措施 防护结构 智能检测 

分 类 号：TU767[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]