“功能-职责”视角下政府机构的改革过程与发展目标  

The Process and Development Goals of Government Institutional Reform from the Perspective of“Function-Responsibility”

作　　者：岳嵩[1] Yue Song

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学党委,南京210023

出　　处：《学海》2023年第6期108-116,共9页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：政府机构改革既是现代政府治理的重要内容,也是政府创新的现实体现。政府机构改革是政府功能优化与职责重构双重作用的结果。功能优化是政府机构改革的内在动因,职责重构是政府机构改革的外在动因。我国政府机构改革是一个前后衔接、逐层递进、相互联系的改革进程,各次改革之间并非完全独立。根据“功能-职责”的发生动因,历次政府机构改革的演进逻辑可以大致从三个阶段来展现:功能优化导向的行政性改革、职责重构导向的适应性改革、“功能-职责”共进导向的治理性改革。基于“功能-职责”的双重动因,梳理历次政府机构改革的实践经验,可以将政府机构改革的发展目标归纳为:一是立足现实国情并总结政府机构改革的经验,更好推动政府创新;二是坚持行政权力的有限集中与适度下放,优化政策过程;三是根据时代发展逐层推进政府机构改革,以整体性视角推动政府机构改革的发展;四是机构改革具有稳定的周期性规律,但也不能局限于固定的周期之中;五是补足政府治理的现实短板,通过机构改革推动政府治理综合发展。The reform of government institutions is an important part of modern government governance and a practical manifestation of government innovation.The driving force behind the reform of govermment institutions is the dual effect of optimizing government functions and restructuring governmental responsibilities.Functional optimization is the internal driving force of government institutional reform,while responsibility reconstruction is the external driving force of government institutional reform.The reform of government institutions in China is a process of continuous,progressive,and interconnected reforms,with each reform not completely independent.According to the reasons for the occurrence of“function responsibility”,the evolution logic of previous government institutional reforms can be roughly presented in three stages:administrative reforms guided by function optimization,adaptive reforms guided by responsibility reconstruction,and governance reforms guided by“function responsibility”co-progress.Based on the dual motivation of“function responsibility”and summarizing the practical experience of previous government institutional reforms,the development goals of government institutional reforms can be summarized into five aspects:firstly,based on the actual national conditions and summarizing the experience of government institutional reforms,to better promote government innovation.The second is to adhere to the limited concentration and moderate decentralization of administrative power,and optimize the government process.The third is to advance step by step according to the needs of the times,and to promote the development of government institutional reform from a holistic perspective.Fourthly,institutional reform should have stable cyclical patterns,but it cannot be limited to fixed cycles.The fifth is to make up for the shortcomings of government governance and promote the comprehensive development of the government through the effectiveness of institutional reform.

关 键 词：机构改革 政府治理 行政调整 政府功能 政府职责 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]