中国小微经营者典型事实  

Typical Facts about Small and Micro Entrepreneurs in China

作　　者：承子珺 王冉冉[3,4] 李凌云[5] 孔涛 李振华[8] 王芳 程志云 谢专 张晓波 Zijun Cheng;Ranran Wang;Lingyun Li;Tao Kong;Zhenhua Li;Fang Wang;Zhiyun Cheng;Zhuan Xie;Xiaobo Zhang(Guanghua School of Management,Center for Enterprise Research,Peking University;National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications,Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data,Peking University;National School of Development,Peking University;Institute of Social Science Survey,Institute of Digital Finance,Peking University;Ant Group Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]北京大学光华管理学院 [2]北京大学企业大数据研究中心 [3]北京大学大数据分析与应用技术国家工程实验室 [4]北京大学重庆大数据研究院 [5]北京大学国家发展研究院 [6]北京大学中国社会科学调查中心 [7]北京大学数字金融研究中心 [8]蚂蚁集团研究院

出　　处：《经济管理学刊》2023年第4期1-36,共36页Quarterly Journal of Economics and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72192844)对本文研究的资助。

摘　　要：小微企业是中国经济的毛细血管、就业的蓄水池,也是推动中国经济高质量发展的重要力量。然而,已有关注小微企业的调查数据极为有限。面对这一状况,北京大学企业大数据研究中心、北京大学中国社会科学调查中心和蚂蚁集团研究院自2020年第三季度起每个季度开展中国小微经营者调查(Online Survey of Micro-and-small Enterprises,简称OSOME),全面收集包括企业基本信息、经营状况、融资状况、政策覆盖状况、数字化转型以及对未来的信心等多方面的数据。基于上述调研数据,本文描绘了中国小微经营者的画像与生存现状,并构建了中国小微经营者信心指数。OSOME数据显示了小微经营者在以下五个方面的典型事实:第一,中国存在大量以糊口型为主的未注册个体户;第二,近几年小微经营者面临的生存压力主要来自经营成本上升和市场需求疲软;第三,相比大中型企业,小微经营者更加依赖线上融资,线上申请和获得贷款的比例是线下的2倍以上;第四,小微经营者享受减税降费等助企纾困政策比例较低;第五,小微经营者正在加快数字化转型进程。OSOME调查不仅能刻画个体户的经营情况,对已有企业调查形成有效补充,同时还能通过持续的季度数据收集和分析为决策者更好地促进小微企业良性发展提供实证依据。Micro-and-small enterprises(MSEs)constitute the capillaries of China's socio-economy,and play a pivotal role in fostering high-quality development of the Chinese economy.Despite their significance,a nuanced understanding of MSEs has been hindered by the absence of detailed micro-level data.Addressing this gap,Peking University's Center for Enterprise Research and the Institute of Social Science Survey,in collaboration with Ant Group Research Institute,has been conducting regular surveys on MSEs since the third quarter of 2020.These quarterly surveys comprehensively address various aspects,including the basic business situation of MSEs,challenges faced,policy benefits received,financing and digitalization.This paper presents a comprehensive introduction to the design,implementation and features of the Online Survey for Micro-and-Small Enterprises(OSOME)in China.It delves into the prevailing business landscape of China's micro-and-small merchants by leveraging data collected through OSOME.In addition,drawing on data accumulated over the past 13 consecutive quarters,this paper constructs the“China Micro and Small Business Confidence Index”.This index captures four essential dimensions:market demand,business revenue,operating costs,and the anticipated number of employees.By doing so,it offers a novel perspective on the expectations of micro and small merchants.The study delineates five distinctive characteristics of China's micro and small operators.Firstly,there exist a substantial number of unregistered self-employed merchants in China,a segment frequently overlooked in prior business surveys and statistics.This group,however,is critical for a comprehensive understanding of China's market dynamics.Secondly,the primary existential challenges confronting micro and small merchants in recent years revolve around weakened market demand and escalating operating costs.Thirdly,in contrast to their medium and large enterprise counterparts,small and micro operators exhibit a heightened reliance on online financing channe

关 键 词：中国小微经营者 生存现状 信心指数 调查研究 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]