河北“23.7”极端暴雨过程特征及成因初探  

Preliminary study on the characteristics and causes of the“23.7”extreme rainstorm in Hebei

作　　者：张江涛 何丽华 李江波[1,2,3] 张成影[4] 张美如 杨吕玉慈 闫雪瑾 谢祥永 王海川 隆璘雪 黄浩杰 ZHANG Jiangtao;HE Lihua;LI Jiangbo;ZHANG Chengying;ZHANG Meiru;YANG Lüyuci;YAN Xuejin;XIE Xiangyong;WANG Haichuan;LONG Linxue;HUANG Haojie(China Meteorological Administration Xiong an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory,Xiong an New Area 071800,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Hebei Meteorological Observatory,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Tangshan Meteorological Bureau,Tangshan 063008,China;Handan Meteorological Bureau,Handan 056005,China;Langfang Meteorological Bureau,Langfang 065099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室,河北雄安新区071800 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [3]河北省气象台,河北石家庄050021 [4]唐山市气象局,河北唐山063008 [5]邯郸市气象局,河北邯郸056005 [6]廊坊市气象局,河北廊坊065099

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2023年第6期884-903,共20页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划资助项目(20375407D,23375401D);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J012);河北省气象局灾害性天气机理创新团队项目;河北省气象局海洋气象要素融合订正技术创新团队项目;河北省气象局暴雨强对流野外观测项目。

摘　　要：2023年7月29日—8月1日,河北省发生了致灾严重的极端暴雨事件,气象观测站3 d(72 h)最大累计降水量为1003.4 mm(邢台临城梁家庄),河北、北京多站突破了历史纪录。利用高空、地面、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达等观测资料以及ERA5再分析资料,对此次极端暴雨的极端性和成因进行了初步分析。结果表明,此次极端暴雨过程是在对流层高、中、低层以及中、低纬度多尺度大气系统共同作用,并叠加地形影响下产生的。(1)中纬度大陆高压东移并与北上西进的副热带高压连通,在河北北部形成稳定的西北—东南向高压坝,台风“杜苏芮”登陆后北上西行到河南境内时,受阻于高压坝,速度减慢,导致台风残涡降水长时间维持。(2)台风“杜苏芮”北上自身携带的水汽以及副高南侧的台风“卡奴”远距离输送的水汽,为河北极端暴雨的发生提供了充足的水汽;台风北上减弱过程中结构不变,边界层东北风急流和东南风急流辐合,加上太行山地形的辐合抬升作用,共同为极端降水提供了强盛的动力条件。(3)太行山中段的强降水时段集中在29日夜间至30日夜间,主要是减弱台风残涡的螺旋雨带、东到东北风急流在迎风坡抬升以及喇叭口地形、“狭管效应”增强辐合共同作用所致,250 mm以上的强降水出现在太行山东麓300~800 m的迎风坡上,以稳定性、低质心的暖云降水为主。(4)与太行山中段的极端降水相比,太行山北段的降水时间更长,主要降水时段集中在29日夜间至31日夜间,250 mm以上的强降水范围更大,既包括北段山脉东麓300~600 m的迎风坡一侧,也包括相邻的东部平原,但迎风坡上的降水强度小于太行山中段迎风坡,而平原地区的降水强度则高于太行山中段迎风坡。强降水主要受与山脉平行的东北急流和东南急流辐合以及地形作用所致,山脉东侧浅山区和平原降水对流性更强。(5)此次极Severe extreme rainstorm events occurred in Hebei Province from July 29 to August 1,2023.The 3-day maximum cumulative precipitation at meteorological observation stations reached 1003.4 mm(Liangjiazhuang,Lincheng,and Xingtai),breaking historical records at many stations in Beijing and Hebei Province.Using observation data,such as high,surface,cloud maps,and Doppler radar,along with ERA5 reanalysis data,this study conducted a preliminary analysis of the extremities and causes of this rainstorm.The results reveal that this extreme rainstorm process resulted from mid-and low-latitude multiscale atmospheric systems involving the high,middle,and low layers of the troposphere,superimposed by topography:(1)The eastward movement of the mid-latitude continental high pressure and the northwestward direction of the western Pacific subtropical high formed a stable northwest-southeast high-pressure dam in northern Hebei.Typhoon“Doksuri”slowed down and stagnated over Henan when blocked by the high-pressure dam,resulting in prolonged typhoon vortex precipitation.(2)The northward movement of water vapor carried by Typhoon“Doksuri”and the southward transport of water vapor by Typhoon“Khanun”on the southern side of the sub-high provided the necessary moisture for extreme rainstorms in Hebei.The convergence of the northeast-and southeast-bound jets during the weakening of the northern typhoon,combined with the uplifting terrain of Taihang Mountain,formed a strong dynamic mechanism for extreme precipitation.(3)In the middle part of Taihang Mountain,heavy precipitation was concentrated from the night of July 29th to the night of July 30th,mainly due to the weakening of the spiral rain belt of the typhoon remnant,the uplift of the east-to-northeast jet on the windward slope,and enhanced terrain convergence.Heavy precipitation exceeding 250 mm occurred on the windward slope at elevations of 300—800 m in the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountain.(4)In the northern part of Taihang Mountain,the precipitation period was longe

关 键 词：极端暴雨 中尺度对流系统 台风“杜苏芮” 地形作用 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]